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Nutritive composition and energy contribution of the fruit of Maerua pseudopetalosa, a food extender in Senegal. Abstract-Introduction. The foods known to be used in times of food shortage, the majority of which are fruits, are identified all over the world such as in Australia, in Sudan, in Senegal, in America, in Sahel and in Chad. The work carried out on these fruits often concerns their nutritive values. In Senegal, Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gil & Gil-Ben) De Wolf, a species of the Capparidaceae family, provides consumable fruits to the native populations for the lean period. No scientific study has yet reported the nutritive composition and energy contribution of this species' fruit. Our study evaluated its contribution of nutritive elements. Materials and methods. Mature fruits of M. pseudopetalosa were collected in June 2007 and May 2008 in the neighborhoods of the villages of Kéniéba and Koussane, in the area of Tambacounda in Senegal. The almonds were dried and crushed for the requirements of various samples. Ashes, protein, sugars, fat and mineral elements were determined by standardized traditional methods of analysis. Results and discussions. Our results show that the fruit of M. pseudopetalosa is rich in iron (26.8-45.9 mg•kg-1), potassium (1098-1342 mg•kg-1) and protein (19.26-22.06%). However, the amino acid profile testifies to the poor nutritional quality of its protein. Conclusion. Our analysis shows that, despite everything, the M. pseudopetalosa fruit constitutes an excellent source of nutrients and can validly make up certain deficiencies, especially in periods of food shortage. Senegal / Maerua pseudopetalosa / fruits / proximate composition / mineral content / food supply Composition nutritive et apport énergétique du fruit de Maerua pseudopetalosa, aliment de soudure au Sénégal. Résumé-Introduction. Les aliments dits de disette, dont la plupart sont des fruits, sont identifiés un peu partout dans le monde tel qu'en Australie au Soudan, au Sénégal, en Amérique, au Sahel et au Tchad. Les travaux réalisés sur ces fruits portent souvent sur leurs valeurs nutritives. Au Sénégal, Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gil & Gil-Ben) De Wolf, espèce de la famille des capparidacées, fournit des fruits consommables aux populations autochtones pendant la période de soudure. Aucune étude scientifique n'a encore fait mention de la composition nutritive et de l'apport énergétique du fruit de cette espèce. Nos travaux ont permis d'évaluer l'apport en éléments nutritifs de son fruit. Matériel et méthodes. Des fruits de M. pseudopetalosa ont été récoltés à maturité au mois de juin 2007 et mai 2008 aux alentours des villages de Kéniéba et de Koussane, dans la région de Tambacounda au Sénégal. Les amandes ont été séchées et broyées pour les besoins des différents dosages. Les cendres, protéine, sucres, matières grasses, et sels minéraux ont été déterminés par des méthodes d'analyse classiques normalisées. Résultats et discussions. Nos résultats ont montré que le fruit de M. pseudopetalosa était riche en fer (26,8-45,9 mg•kg-1...

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The northern part of the Kedougou Kenieba Inlier (Eastern Senegal) is composed of Palaeoproterozoic volcano-plutonic and volcanosediment areas cross-cut by differentiated plutonic bodies of gabbroic to granitic composition. They are emplaced in an arc-type environment and accreted during the Eburnean Orogeny. We present here new K-Ar ages obtained on several plutons from different mineralogical phases, each characterized by a different closure temperature for the K-Ar system. Ages from hornblende, between 2013 ± 29 and 2141 ± 30 Ma, constrain the cooling history of the magma bodies through the 550°C isotherm. They are slightly younger than U-Pb ages previously obtained from the same units, attesting of a rapid cooling, tectonically controlled, of about 7°C/Myr. Ages obtained on biotite minerals range from 1955 ± 28 to 1893 ± 27 Ma, suggesting that from 550 to 325°C, cooling rate decreased to about 3°C/Myr. Significantly younger ages ranging from 1704 ± 24 to 1615 ± 23 Ma have been obtained on plagioclase and microcline. They can be interpreted in terms of either a slow cooling with a rate of only 1°C/Myr, from about 1.9 to 1.6 Ga, or either reflecting the occurrence of a rather limited thermal event younger than 1.7 Ga. Since no age younger than 2.0 Ga has previously been obtained for plutonic rocks from the early Birimian in the West African Craton, ages of 1.7-1.6 Ga obtained here from feldspars might be the first evidence for a regional re-heating event having occurred in the East-North Kedougou Kenieba inlier.