In the era of primary vaccination against HPV and at the beginning of the low prevalence of cervical lesions, introduction of screening methods that can distinguish between low- and high-grade lesions is necessary in order to maintain the positive predictive value of screening. This case-control study included 562 women who attended cervical screening or were referred for colposcopy and 140 disease free controls, confirmed by histology and/or cytology. The cases were stratified by age. Using routine exfoliated liquid based cytological samples RT-PCR measurements of biomarker genes, high-risk HPV testing and liquid based cytology were performed and used to evaluate different testing protocols including sets of genes/tests with different test cut-offs for the diagnostic panels. Three new panels of cellular biomarkers for improved triage of hrHPV positive women (diagnostic panel) and for prognostic assessment of CIN lesions were proposed. The diagnostic panel (PIK3AP1, TP63 and DSG3) has the potential to distinguish cytologically normal hrHPV+ women from hrHPV+ women with CIN2+. The prognostic gene panels (KRT78, MUC5AC, BPIFB1 and CXCL13, TP63, DSG3) have the ability to differentiate hrHPV+ CIN1 and carcinoma cases. The diagnostic triage panel showed good likelihood ratios for all age groups. The panel showed age-unrelated performance and even better diagnostic value under age 30, a unique feature among the established cervical triage tests. The prognostic gene-panels demonstrated good discriminatory power and oncogenic, anti-oncogenic grouping of genes. The study highlights the potential for the gene expression panels to be used for diagnostic triage and lesion prognostics in cervical cancer screening.

Anal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in non-AIDS defining cancers. Most of these cancers are associated with high risk HPV infection. So far, the prevalence and the significance of anal HPV infection have not been studied in the Hungarian MSM population. The main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of HPV-infection in the Hungarian MSM community, particularly in HIV-infected MSM. Out of 109 examinations 92 samples (80 HIV-infected and 12 HIV-negative MSM) were evaluated for both cytological abnormalities and HPV genotyping PCR. Using a questionnaire all enrolled individuals were interviewed about their sexual behavior, socioeconomic factors, drug use and other known or suspected risk factors. In the HIV-infected cohort 97.5% of the examined individuals were positive for any HPV type. In this group we detected high risk (HR) HPV in 88.8%, low risk (LR) HPV in 75.0% and probably high risk (PHR) HPV in 47.5% and multiple HPV infection was absolutely common (82.5%). In the HIV-negative MSM group the incidence of HPV-infection was 58.3%. The respective rate of HR-HPV, LR-HPV and PHR-HPV genotypes were 33.3%, 58.4%, and 16.7%. In the HIV-negative group both HPV infection frequency and the prevalence of the pertinent genotypes were much lower. The Hungarian MSM population is severely infected with HPV and HR-HPV. High-risk sexual behaviors are strong predictors for acquiring HR-HPV co-infections. Our results underline the necessity of anal cancer screening and the introduction of the vaccination program in the high-risk population.

Stem cells participate in cervical carcinogenesis but their function and exact features are still not clear. One type of stem-like cells are endocervical reserve cells (RCs), and their association with other normal/altered cervical cells is not exactly known. Epithelial cells are attached to each other by tight junctions. Their dominant components are the claudin proteins, which show changed expression in cancer; however, no data are available on their pattern. Expressions of various claudins (1, 2, 3, 4, 7), occludin, cytokeratins 5/6 and 7, and p63 were analyzed in 60 paraffin-embedded cervical samples. Immunohistochemical reactions were evaluated semiquantitatively and statistically. Claudin 1 was as high in RCs as in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and higher than in suprabasal squamous epithelial cells, contrary to the negative glandular and squamous basal cells. Claudin 2 was positive in all cell types except parabasal cells, whereas claudins 4 and 7 were weakly positive and claudin 3 was negative in all cell types. Occludin was positive in RCs, basal/parabasal cells, and CIN, whereas glandular cells were negative. This is a first report that describes the intermediate claudin pattern of RCs, demonstrating that it differs from that of cervical glandular and squamous basal cells, but showing an expression similar to the strong claudin 1 expression detected in cervical neoplastic cells.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A colon sigmoideum diverticulosisa veleszületett vagy szerzett lehet. Az óriás vastagbél diverticulum (Giant Colonic Diverticulum, GCD), amelyet 4 cm-nél nagyobb diverticulumként definiálnak, ritka, de klinikailag fontos entitás. A McNutt (1988) osztályozást használják az óriás diverticulumok három alcsoportjának megkülönböztetésére. Az 1-es típusú diverticulumok pulziós pseudo-diverticulumok, amelyek fokozatosan növekszenek. A 2-es típusú diverticulumok gyulladásos eredetűek; egy korábbi suberosalis perforáció után alakulnak ki, ahol a tályogüreg kommunikál a bél lumenével, és a tályogfal fokozatosan rostonyás hegszövetté alakul, melyből hiányoznak a bél szövettani rétegei. A 3. típus a vastagbél valódi, veleszületett diverticulumai, amelyek a bélfal minden rétegét tartalmazzák. Egy 59 éves férfibeteg esetét ismertetjük, akit sürgősséggel vettünk fel Sebészeti Osztályunkra kizáródott bal oldali lágyéksérv diagnózissal. Hasi CT-vizsgálat a sérvtömlőben herniálódott sigmabél-szakaszt ábrázolt, bélelzáródás jelei nélkül. Sürgős műtétet végeztünk; bal oldali inguinalis metszést követően a sérvtömlőben a sigmabél 3-as típusú óriás diverticulumát találtuk. Laparotómiát végeztünk, és egy szokatlanul nagy, 7-8 cm hosszú incarcerálódott diverticulumot szabadítottunk fel. Egyéb kóros nem volt a hasüregben, a sigmabél nem károsodott. A diverticulumot TA varrógéppel resecáltuk, a kapocssort seromuscularis varrattal buktattuk. A sérvkaput kívülről zártuk. A postoperatív szak eseménytelen volt, a beteget a 7. napon otthonába bocsátottuk. Röviden áttekintjük a GCD diagnózisára és kezelésére vonatkozó ajánlásokat. Az elváltozás McNutt 3-as típusa miatt a kevésbé invazív, egyszerű diverticulectomiát választottuk a (Hartmann-szerinti) sigmaresectio helyett. Esetünk az amúgy is kis számban előforduló GCD rendkívül ritka szövődménye volt, amit egy szokatlan – de sikeres gyógyulást eredményező – beavatkozással oldottunk meg. Summary. Introduction: The diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon may be congenital or acquired. The Giant Colonic Diverticulum (GCD), defined as a diverticulum larger than 4 cm, is a rare, but clinically important entity. The McNutt (1988) classification is used differentiate the three subgroups of giant diverticula. Type 1 diverticula are pulsion pseudo-diverticula, which enlarge gradually. Type 2 are inflammatory diverticula due to a previous subserosal perforation, where the abscess cavity is communicating with the bowel lumen and its wall would be gradually composed of fibrous scar tissue, lacking the intestinal histological layers. Type 3 are the real, congenital diverticula of the colon, containing all layers of the intestinal wall. We present a case of a 59-year-old male patient, who was admitted to our Dept. of Surgery in emergency with the diagnosis of strangulated left inguinal hernia. Abdominal CT demonstrated the herniation of the sigmoid colon into the hernia sac without the signs of bowel obstruction. The patient was operated on urgently; subsequent to a left inguinal incision, a Type 3 giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon was found in the hernia sac. Laparotomy was performed, and the unusually large, 7-8 cm long strangulated diverticulum was liberated. There were no other pathological findings, the sigmoid colon was not damaged. The diverticulum was resected with a TA stapler, and the staple line was inverted with a layer of seromuscular sutures. The inguinal hernia orifices were reconstructed both intraabdominally and externally. The postoperative course was uneventful, the patient was discharged on the 7th day. The recommendations concerning the diagnosis and treatment GCD are briefly reviewed. Due to the McNutt Type 3 characteristics, we opted for the less invasive, simple diverticulectomy instead of sigmoid resection (Hartmann’s procedure). Our case was an extremely rare complication of the already uncommon GCD, resolved by an unusual surgical intervention leading to a successful cure.

A szerzők egy 50 éves myomás nőbeteget erythrocytosisa miatt vizsgáltak. A két lelet kapcsolatát, a myomás erythrocytosis gyanúját a vártnál magasabb erythropoetinszint erősítette, majd a supravaginalis hysterectomia a diagnózist igazolta. A műtét után a beteg vérképe normalizálódott, és szérum-erythropoetinszintje jelentősen csökkent. Az eset kapcsán a szerzők az uterusban termelődő erythropoetin fiziológiájáról, a szérum-erythropoetinszintek értékeléséről és differenciáldiagnosztikai hasznáról írnak. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(52): 2088–2092

A diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma 5 éves általános túlélése a mai kezelések mellett 60–70%, melynek hátterében a betegség komplex heterogenitása állhat.CélkitűzésMagyarországi multicentrikus tanulmányban a betegség fenotipikus, citogenetikai, genomexpressziós profil- és geográfiai heterogenitásának vizsgálata.MódszerA 276 formol-paraffinos betegmintát Hans' algoritmus és dupla protein expresszor státusz alapján klasszifikáltuk. A IGH::MYC, IGH::BCL2, BCL6 gén átrendeződéseket, valamint a MYC, BCL2 és BCL6 gének nyerését interfázis citogenetikával vizsgáltuk. Az RNA-seq-alapú génexpressziós profilvizsgálat 173 formol-paraffinos mintán volt elvégezhető.EredményekA Hans' fenotípus alapján 103 (37,3%) germinális centrum B-sejt-szerű és 173 (62,7%) nem germinalis B-sejt-szerű limfómát azonosítottunk, mely besorolás 82,6%-os megegyezést mutatott a genomexpressziós profilstratifikációval. Tripla aberrációt mutató limfóma nem fordult elő. Izolált IGH::MYC átrendeződés, valamint MYC, BCL2, BCL6 géntöbblet mindkét Hans' csoportban jelen volt. Az IGH::BCL2 átrendeződés izoláltan vagy kombinációban, szignifikánsan és kizárólag a germinális centrum B-sejt-szerű csoportban volt azonosítható, míg a BCL6 átrendeződés szignifikáns halmozódást mutatott a nem germinális centrum B-sejt-szerű Hans' csoportban. A dupla protein expresszor fenotípus pozitív prediktív értéke mindkét Hans' csoport molekuláris alcsoportjaira alacsony, a 0,04–0,19, illetve a 0,12–0,30, tartományba esett, míg negatív prediktív értéke mindkét főcsoport összes releváns molekuláris alcsoportjában 1,00-nek felelt meg.KövetkeztetésekA IGH::MYC átrendeződés nem Hans' csoport specifikus genotípus. Az IGH::BCL2 átrendeződés germinalis centrum, a BCL6 átrendeződés pedig a nem germinalis centrum B-sejt-szerű limfóma fémjele. A dupla protein expresszor negatív fenotípus mellett IGH::MYC és/vagy IGH::BCL2 átrendeződés nem fordult elő.

We report a case of a 41-year-old female patient presenting with watery diarrhoea and myalgia in the winter-season. Before her symptoms started she had participated in a pig slaughtering with her family. Some of the family members also became ill. On her physical examination periorbital odema and myalgia were found. Eosinophilia, hypalbuminaemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and creatin kinase levels were detected on laboratory investigations. The clinical picture, the laboratory findings and background epidemiological data implied the diagnosis of trichinellosis and albendazol was started. Serum gained on the 22nd post-infectious day turned out to be equivocal for trichinellosis. For this reason and because of the refractory fever a muscle-biopsy was done. Granulomatous myositis described by histology and Trichinella seropositivity from the repeated serum sample on the 62nd post-infectious day finally confirmed the diagnosis. During the course of the disease, we experienced elevation of troponin I suggesting myocarditis, but it was accompanied neither with abnormal ECG signs nor characteristic symptoms. Almost a century ago, a case report was published in Hungarian with a similar introduction. Trichinellosis in that epidemic setting led to the death of five people. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(24): 952–957.