Objectives Accurate diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric patients with thyroid disorders, depends on the availability of appropriate data for normal thyroid volume (TV). The aim of this study was to determine the TV by ultrasonography (US) in subjects from the newborn period up to 18 years of age from the Aegean region of Turkey. Methods We measured the thyroid volumes in 513 children using US and compared them with the children’s age, gender, standard deviation score (SDS) of body height (BH-SDS), body weight (BW-SDS), body mass index (BMI-SDS), and body surface area (BSA-SDS). The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentiles of the age-dependent distribution of the TV were calculated and compared with national and international references. Results The BH, BW, BMI, and BSA of all the participants were within the normal ranges for Turkish children. The TV was significantly positively correlated with age, gender, BH-SDS, BW-SDS, BMI-SDS, and BSA-SDS in all subjects (r=0.748, r=0.267, r=0.730, r=0.735, r=0.664 and r=0.735, respectively; p<0.0001 for all). The most important predictors for TV were age and BW-SDS, followed by BSA-SDS and BH-SDS. In multivariate regression, age and BW-SDS were the only significant independent predictors for TV. Our results were nearly similar to the corresponding data reported by the World Health Organisation in 2004. Conclusions The present study provides updated values for TV that can serve as a potential tool in differentiating the normal from the abnormal size of the thyroid gland in children aged 0–18 years from the Aegean region of Turkey.
Meckel divertikülü (MD), popülasyonun %2'sinde görülen en yaygın doğumsal gastrointestinal anomalisidir. MD hastalarının sadece %4'ünde kanama, divertikülit ve intestinal obstrüksiyon gelişir. Bu makale, akut karın ağrısı olan 10 yaşındaki kız olguda Meckel divertikülitine bağlı gelişen ince bağırsak intususepsiyonunun görüntüleme bulguları sunulmuştur.
Objectives Proper diagnosis and follow-up of children with testicular disorders depend on the presence of adequate references for testicular volume. The objective of this study was to determine the testicular volume by ultrasound in Turkish boys aged between 0 and 8 years. Methods A total of 320 boys with bilaterally descended testes underwent scrotal ultrasound examinations. The testicular volume (mL) was calculated by the empirical formula of Lambert (V=L × T × AP × 0.71) and the formula for an ellipsoid (V=L × T × AP × π/6). The testicular volume was compared with children’s age, and Z-score data for weight, height, and BMI. The age-specific 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles of the testicular volume were produced and compared with the international references. Results The median (IQR) volume of the right and left testis were 0.75 (0.57–0.99) and 0.72 (0.56–0.98) mL (formula of Lambert), respectively; and 0.56 (0.42–0.73) and 0.53 (0.41–0.72) mL, (formula for an ellipsoid), respectively. The age-specific median of the average volume of the right and left testis estimated by the Lambert equation in the first five years was measured between 0.63 and 0.71 mL, followed by an increase to about 1.31 mL at the age of 8. This increase was highly statistically significant (p<0.0001). No significant association was found between the Z-scores for weight, height, and BMI of boys and the testicular volumes. Conclusions This study provides the first national ultrasound-based estimates for testicular volume in Turkish boys aged 0–8 years.
Background: The association between the thyroid echo pattern and thyroid function has an important impact on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases in children. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare thyroid parenchymal echogenicity with thyroid function tests and evaluate the value of a thyroid ultrasound (US) in predicting thyroid function parameters in the pediatric population. Methods: A total of 434 children (age range: 5 - 18 years; mean age: 13.18 ± 3.42 years) were categorized into two groups based on the thyroid parenchymal appearance on the US as subjects with homogeneous (group 1) and heterogeneous (group 2) echo patterns. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab), and thyroperoxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The levels of TSH, fT3, fT4, Tg-Ab, and TPO-Ab were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.0001). All thyroid function tests were within normal ranges in 73.4% (168/229) and 14.6% (30/205) of children with homogeneous and heterogeneous echo patterns, respectively. The homogeneous thyroid gland on the US had 73.8% sensitivity in predicting normal TSH and 100% sensitivity in predicting normal fT3 and fT4. The sensitivity for predicting negative Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab were 78.7 and 85.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The current study compared the homogeneous and heterogeneous thyroid echo patterns with the thyroid function tests in children. The obtained results confirmed the value of the thyroid US in predicting thyroid function in the pediatric population.
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