Members of the genus Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972 are typical neotropical Parastenocarididae. Their geographical distribution ranges from Central America to southern Brazil, with species occurring on both sides of the Andes mountain chain. The genus can be characterized and easily identified by the following characters: leg 4 with two strong spinules on anterior margin of coxa; exopod 1 (exp-1) short and with a proximal invagination on inner corner; leg 3 with exopod inwardly curved, ending in a long forceps formed by apophysis and thumb (both with a hyaline margin). In the present work we favour revalidation of Brasilibathynellocaris, arguing for its monophyly. Pararemaneicaris Jakobi, 1972 and Paraforficatocaris Jakobi, 1972 are new junior synonyms of Brasilibathynellocaris, as a result of transfer of their respective type species: Brasilibathynellocaris cuscatlanensis (Noodt, 1962) comb. nov., and Brasilibathynellocaris paranaensis (Jakobi, 1972) comb. nov. Two monophyletic species groups, together constituting Brasilibathynellocaris, are newly proposed and diagnosed: the Brasilibathynellocaris brasilibathynellae group and the Brasilibathynellocaris salvadorensis group. Neotypes are designated for B. brasilibathynellae and B. paranaensis comb. nov. Redescriptions are provided for all known species of Brasilibathynellocaris.

The aim of this study was to identify patterns of vertical distribution of planktonic cladocerean populations throughout the diel cycle, during the low and high water periods, and its ecological implications for a black water Amazonian lake. Tupé Lake is a black water lake located near the Brazilian city of Manaus. A channel links the lake with the Negro River and its flood pulse. This study was performed in a low-water period (November 2005) and in a high-water period (June 2006). Samples were taken on a 24-hour cycle, every 4 hours and at each meter of the water column, using a Schindler-Patalas trap equipped with a 55µm size mesh. A total of 16 species were registered during the low water period, wherein Bosminopsis deitersi, Moina minuta, and Ceriodaphnia cornuta were the most abundant species. B. deitersi migrated to the bottom during the afternoon, while M. minuta, Moina reticulata, and Holopedium amazonicum remained at the bottom for the entire diel cycle. During the high-water period, a total of 18 species were observed, and B. deitersi, C. cornuta, and Diaphanosoma polyspina were the most abundant species. During both sampling periods, no pattern was detected for C. cornuta. Generally, vertical patterns of distribution were less evident in the high water period, due to the mixing of the lake.

This article discusses the influence of environmental conditions on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in two riverine communities in the Sustainable Development Reserve of Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, through an ecological study of multiple groups and contextual analysis carried out with the local inhabitants. To identify the environmental etiology describing the risk of disease development, the study compares demographics, incidence rates and common daily practices in these communities, using data collected in the field, between 2012 and 2014, as well as values provided by IBGE, originally from National Health Survey, 2013. The results suggest that social and environmental determinants, such as general living conditions, occupation and access to protective health care, in the investigated communities, are relevant factors in explaining the observed variability in systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) incidence rates. The study concludes by pointing out the importance and need to consider socio-environmental vulnerability in the elaboration of public health policies and in the management of environmentally protected areas.

Three new species of the genus Remaneicaris from Southern and Southeastern Brazil are described. The new species are closely related to R. analuizae, R. euniceae, R. tageae and R. divae, sharing the presence of a hyaline margin on the 9th segment of male antennule. Remaneicaris itacambirucui sp.n., R. insolitus sp.n. and R. ivoneae sp.n. differ by: number of integumental windows on the 2nd and 5th urosomites; ornamentation of the telson, with postopercular ornamentation shared by R. insolitus sp.n. and R. itacambirucui sp.n.; shape of the swimming leg 3 exopod and armature of the swimming leg 3 endopod, with straight exopod and unarmed endopod shared by R. insolitus sp.n. and R. ivoneae sp. n.; and morphology of the swimming leg 4 endopod with a similar condition shared by R. insolitus sp.n. and R. itacambirucui sp.n. Remaneicaris itacambirucui sp.n. seems to be closely related to R. ivoneae sp.n. with which it shares the presence of a hyaline inner margin on the outer spine of males swimming leg 3. Remaneicaris insolitus sp.n. seems to be closely related to R. divae, sharing a continuous transversal row of spinules on the anteroventral margin of the telson. In the absence of more informative characters, the exact phylogenetic position of R. itacambirucui sp.n. and R. ivoneae sp.n. within a monophyletic group of species closely related to R. analuizae is difficult to determine.

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TIn this study we present 208 new diaptomids records, including 36 species from 10 genera. They are the result of new samplings as well as of the revision of samples from previous surveys from various localities in the Neotropical Region. In an attempt to clear elucidate about the species ranges we gathered all biogeographically important data and present them here, with comments about the relevance of each record to the understanding of the distribution of the group.

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