The salt stress responses of wheat-barley addition lines (2H, 3H, 3HS, 4H, 6H, 7H and 7HL) were compared to those of the parental genotypes wheat cv. Asakaze and barley cv. Manas and two other wheat genotypes [Chinese Spring (CS) and Mv9kr1] during germination and in young plants grown in hydroponic culture with or without salt treatment. Among the wheat genotypes frequently used for interspecific hybridization, Asakaze possesses relatively high salt tolerance, as indicated by the less pronounced reduction in germination % and in root and shoot growth and the retention of high leaf water content and photosynthetic activity, as compared to CS and Mv9kr1. The barley cv. Manas showed better salt tolerance than wheat cv. Asakaze, although Manas accumulated more Na in the root, but its transport to the shoots is restricted. Among the addition lines tested, the disomic addition line 7H and ditelosomic line 7HL exhibited higher salt tolerance both during germination and in the early developmental stages than the wheat parent, which may be related to the elevated osmotic adjustment capacity of these addition lines, similar to that found for barley cv. Manas. The paper also discusses the effects of other chromosomes on the salt stress response.

Salinity-induced osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress responses were investigated on Asakaze/Manas wheat/barley addition lines 7H, 7HL and 7HS, together with their barley (salt-tolerant) and wheat (relatively salt-sensitive) parents. Growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll degradation, proline, glycine betaine accumulation, sugar metabolism, Na+ and K+ uptake and transport processes and the role of polyamines and antioxidants were studied in young plants grown in hydroponic culture with or without salt treatment. Changes in plant growth and photosynthetic activity of plants demonstrated that the salt tolerance of the addition lines 7H and 7HL was similar to that of barley parent cv. Manas, while the sensitivity of the addition line 7HS was similar to that of the wheat parent cv. Asakaze. The Na accumulation in the roots and shoots did not differ between the addition lines and wheat parent. The activation of various genes related to Na uptake and transport was not correlated with the salt tolerance of the genotypes. These results indicated that the direct regulation of Na transport processes is not the main reason for the salt tolerance of these genotypes. Salt treatment induced a complex metabolic rearrangement in both the roots and shoots of all the genotypes. Elevated proline accumulation in the roots and enhanced sugar metabolism in the shoots were found to be important for salt tolerance in the 7H and 7HL addition lines and in barley cv. Manas. In wheat cv. Asakaze and the 7HS addition line the polyamine metabolism was activated. It seems that osmotic adjustment is a more important process in the improvement of salt tolerance in 7H addition lines than the direct regulation of Na transport processes or antioxidant defence.