Historically, human migrations have determined the spread of many infectious diseases by promoting the emergence of temporal outbreaks between populations. We aimed to analyze health indicators, expenditure, and disability caused by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS burden under the Colombian-Venezuelan migration flow focusing on the Northeastern border. A retrospective study was conducted using TB and HIV/AIDS data since 2009. We consolidated a database using official reports from the Colombian Surveillance System, World Health Organization, Indexmundi, the Global Health Observatory, IHME HIV atlas, and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Disability metrics regarding DALYs (disability adjusted life years) and YLDs (years lived with disability), were compared between countries. Mapping was performed on ArcGIS using official migration data of Venezuelan citizens. Our results indicate that TB profiles from Colombia and Venezuela are identical in terms of disease burden, except for an increase in TB incidence in the Colombian-Venezuelan border departments in recent years, concomitantly with the massive Venezuelan immigration since 2005. We identified a four-fold underfunding for the TB program in Venezuela, which might explain the low-testing rates for cases of multidrug-resistant TB (67%) and HIV/AIDS (60%), as well as extended hospital stays (150 days). We found a significant increase in DALYs of HIV/AIDS patients in Venezuela, specifically, 362.35 compared to 265.37 observed in Colombia during 2017. This study suggests that the Venezuelan massive migration and program underfunding might exacerbate the dual burden of TB and HIV in Colombia, especially towards the Colombian‐Venezuelan border.

No abstract

In most Latin American countries, there are significant numbers of missing people and forced disappearances, over 120,000 in Colombia alone. Successful detection of shallow buried human remains by forensic search teams is difficult in varying terrain and climates. Previous research has created controlled simulated clandestine graves of murder victims to optimize search techniques and methodologies. This paper reports on a study on controlled test site results over four simulated dismembered victims’ clandestine graves as this is sadly a common scenario encountered in Latin America. Multispectral images were collected once post‐burial, electrical resistivity surveys were collected 4 times, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were collected three times up to the end of the 371 day survey monitoring period. After data processing, results showed that the multispectral data set could detect the simulated clandestine and control graves, with electrical resistivity imaging relative high resistances over some of the simulated graves but not over the empty control graves. GPR results showed good imaging on the Day 8 surveys, medium imaging on the Day 294 surveys, and medium to good imaging on the Day 371 surveys. Study implications suggest that, while clandestine graves of dismembered homicide victims would likely result in smaller‐sized graves when compared to graves containing intact bodies, these graves can still potentially be detected using remote sensing and geophysical methods.

El cultivo de tomate solanum lycopersicum es de gran importancia económica en Colombia, siendo Cundinamarca elquinto departamento productor del país con un promedio de 371.827 toneladas para el año 2019. Las nuevas tecnologíasemergentes como la agricultura de precisión aplicada al sector agrícola, representan una oportunidad para monitorearprocesos fisiológicos. Mediante la aplicación de la teledetección con imágenes aéreas tomadas por vehículos aéreos notripulados UAV y cálculos de series de tiempo de índices vegetales como el Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), se cuantificóinformación sobre el potencial de producción del cultivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue extraer informaciónrelevante del proceso productivo en los lotes, mediante tecnicas geomáticas. Como resultados se identificaron losprincipales lotes con mayor producción, basados en la actividad fotosintética y la altura de crecimiento utilizando unmodelo digital de superficie, generado partir de la información obtenida por los vuelos fotogramétricos. También se pudoidentificar algunos microclimas generados en los lotes, como consecuencia de la diferencia de altura encontrada en lazona de estudio. Como conclusión final se logró obtener información y características actuales de la plantación con el finde tomar decisiones en las próximas siembras.

No abstract

Interactive web-based tool for evaluating the spread of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in Colombia This unedited manuscript has been accepted by RCCP for future publication and is provisionally published on our website. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley review before final publication. Please note that this advance version may differ from the "Ahead of print" and also from the final version. SHORT COMMUNICATION Interactive web-based tool for evaluating the spread of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis in Colombia Herramienta interactiva basada en la web para evaluar la propagación de la tuberculosis bovina y la brucelosis en Colombia Ferramenta interativa baseada na web para avaliar a disseminação da tuberculose e brucelose bovina na Colômbia