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Aquaculture has emerged as one of the world’s fastest-growing food industries in recent years, helping food security and boosting global economic status. The indiscriminate disposal of untreated or improperly managed waste and effluents from different sources including production plants, food processing sectors, and healthcare sectors release various contaminants such as bioactive compounds and unmetabolized antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant organisms into the environment. These emerging contaminants (ECs), especially antibiotics, have the potential to pollute the environment, particularly the aquatic ecosystem due to their widespread use in aquaculture, leading to various toxicological effects on aquatic organisms as well as long-term persistence in the environment. However, various forms of nanotechnology-based technologies are now being explored to assist other remediation technologies to boost productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. In this review, we critically highlighted several ecofriendly nanotechnological methods including nanodrug and vaccine delivery, nanoformulations, and nanosensor for their antimicrobial effects in aquaculture and aquatic organisms, potential public health risks associated with nanoparticles, and their mitigation measures for sustainable management. Graphical abstract

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In this study, a biosurfactant producing strain, Rhodotorula sp. CC01 was isolated using land ll leachate as nitrogen source, while olive oil was determined as the best sole carbon source for producing biosurfactants. The biosurfactant produced by Rhodotorula sp. CC01 was characterized as glycolipids with a critical micelle concentration of 70 mg/L, which showed stability over a wide range of pH (2-12), salinity (0-100%), and temperature (20-100°C). During the cultivation process, the surface tension decreased from 51.87 to 28.20 mN/m in 15 h, and the removal e ciency of NH 4 + -N reached 84.2% after 75 h cultivation with a maximum NH 4 + -N removal rate of 3.92 mg•L -1 •h −1 . In addition, Rhodotorula sp.CC01 has proven to be of great potential in remediating petroleum hydrocarbons, as revealed by chromogenic assays. The ndings of this study prove a cost-effective strategy for the production of BS by yeast through the utilization of land ll leachate.