Sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), quando salvas pelos agricultores possuem uma elevada incidência de patógenos e baixo vigor. Com isso a busca por produtos alternativos que possam ser aplicados no tratamento de sementes, com vistas à agricultura orgânica, deve ser melhor elucidado. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos extratos vegetais aquosos de eucalipto, marcela, nim e losna, na concentração 20%, sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de trigo, cv. Mirante. Após o tratamento com os extratos por 15 min, as sementes foram deixadas para a secar em temperatura ambiente. Foram realizados os testes de sanidade, germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência e comprimento de plântula. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento, e as médias foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Todos os extratos testados no tratamento de sementes de trigo possuem eficiência, seja no controle de patógenos ou na germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas. O extrato aquoso de eucalipto destacou-se como o melhor tratamento quanto ao controle de patógenos associados às sementes, bem como em relação ao melhor desenvolvimento de plântulas de trigo.
The use of allelopathy emerges as an alternative method for weed management in crops, especially in small vegetable producing properties. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify possible allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of the weeds Cyperus difformis L. (small-flowered nutsedge), Commelina benghalensis L. (benghal dayflower) and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (gallant soldier) on seed germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Lycopersicum esculentum L. (tomato). Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with five replications, the first with lettuce seeds and the second with tomato seeds submitted to germination in five concentrations of weeds aqueous extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). All treatments with aqueous extracts of the three species, at different concentrations, caused a reduction in lettuce and tomato root length. There was a reduction in most of the evaluated variables, and seed germination of the crops had the lowest influence of the extracts. The weeds benghal dayflower, small-flowered nutsedge and gallant soldier showed allelopathic potential on lettuce and tomato crops. This potential allelopathic effect is directly related to the concentration and type of extract from the plant species. In general, it can be noted that the greatest allelopathic effect occurred with the use of small-flowered nutsedge extract, followed by gallant soldier and benghal dayflower. Highlighted Conclusions 1. Weeds C. benghalensis, C. difformis and G. parviflora show allelopathic potential on the growth of L. sativa and L. esculentum. 2. Highest allelopathic effect is caused by the extract of C. difformis, followed by G. parviflora and C. benghalensis. 3. The potential allelopathic effect of weeds is directly related to the plant species used, as well as to the concentration of the aqueous extract present in the environment.
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