This paper summarises the proposed physical planning and design in the poor area of Kampong Muharto, Malang City. As a community, the residents want to adjust their spatial setting to accommodate for social activities. This research lays out several options for their neighbourhood with consideration for the available space. The study area was analysed using the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) method and it was found that there were two sections of the area in need of planning and design. The primary objective of this work is to figure out the spatial arrangement for the project with a direct understanding of the various needs of the housing facilities within the limitations of the land boundaries.
The development of rented multi-storey housing unit (rusunawa) is a logical event in the growth of cities. Sooner or later the development of rusunawa will be increasingly implemented in urban areas in Indonesia. Despite the fact that people will be housed in rusunawa, it is important that kinship in the community should be maintained, thus supporting communal ties, social interaction and neighbourliness. Results of the following study into community identity support these general principles. The research method adopted used both quantitative and qualitative techniques to assess residents' satisfaction, behavioral patterns and forms of social interaction. The research suggests design criteria to support residents' satisfaction with their dwelling. The research also models the patterns of residents in public spaces (hallway, kitchen and lavatories) to measure social interaction. The research case study is located in Kutobedah Rusunawa as the first rusunawa constructed by the government of Malang City in 1995. Keywords: rusunawa, satisfaction, behavior pattern
Perkembangan teknologi sangat pesat, berbagai bentuk arsitektur sangat beragam dan lebih inovatif. Disain arsitek lebih mencerminkan ke arah masa depan daripada ke masa silam. Konservasi arsitektur dianggap kurang mengakomodasi tuntunan jaman dan ekonomis. Namun masih ada faktor-faktor dari aspek manusia yang dilupakan. Seperti contoh rumah susun di negara lain yang sudah dihuni selama berpuluh-puluh tahun telah menimbulkan permasalahan. Kegagalan rumah susun di negara lain tidak disebabkan oleh faktor teknis, justru faktor non teknis, yaitu faktor manusia sebagai penghuni kurang mendapat perhatian seperti: Rumah susun 12 lantai Pruit Igoe di St. Louis tahun 1972 dan rumah susun Ronan Point di Inggris tahun 1968, telah dibongkar karena banyak permasalahan sosial. Manusia sebagai mahluk sosial tidak bisa hidup, jika tidak berdampingan dengan manusia lain untuk berinteraksi sosial. Gerakan sejuta rumah dan seribu tower yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia akan memicu pembangunan rusunawa di kota-kota besar. Kota Malang sebagai kota besar ke 2 di Jawa Timur, sudah membangun rusunawa sejumlah 2 blok, terdiri 3 lantai dan dihuni selama 10 tahun. Penelitian deskriptif dengan menekankan aspek spesifik yaitu persepsi dan perilaku. Kepuasan penghuni dalam melakukan kegiatan bersama dapat diukur dengan persepsi penghuni melalui kuesioner, terutama kepuasan terhadap privacy, teritoriality, dan crowding, kemudian dianalisis dengan model skala Osgood dan Likert, kemudian hasilnya ditabulasikan. Sedangkan rona perilaku (behavior setting) melalui pengamatan di lapangan, dicari sebab akibat pola perilaku kebersamaan itu terjadi, kemudian dianalisis pengaruh elemen-elemen arsitektur apa yang mempengaruhinya. Selasar yang cukup luas, setiap unit rumah saling berhadapan, void di tengah untuk masuknya cahaya matahari dan setiap lantai bisa saling melihat, merupakan tempat yang paling sering untuk berinteraksi sosial. Selasar merupakan ruang multifungsi yang digunakan penghuni berinterksi sosial. Responden merasa cukup puas dalam melakukan kebersamaan di Ruang bersama (selasar, MCK umum, dan Dapur).
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