The olfactory system of male and female Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was studied by examining the morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla and determining the responses of both sexes to conspeciÞc female sex pheromone components and plant volatiles using electroantennography (EAG). Seven types of sensilla were observed on the ßagellum of the antennae: trichodea, chaetica, coeloconica, styloconica, auricilica, squamiformia, and basiconica. Only one type of trichodea sensilla was found on the antennae of both sexes, but these sensilla were more abundant on male than on female. EAG records of both sexes to 10-g stimulus loads of six pheromone components showed that (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7Ð12: Ac) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9 Ð12: Ac) elicited larger responses than those evoked by (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11Ð16: Ac), (Z, E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9, E11Ð14: Ac), (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9, E12Ð14: Ac), and hexane in female antennae. In the case of male antennae, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9 Ð14: Ac) and Z9, E12Ð14: Ac evoked larger EAG responses than those elicited by Z7Ð12: Ac, Z11Ð16: Ac, Z9, E11Ð14: Ac, and hexane. The compounds that selectively evoked larger EAG responses from males than females were Z9, E12Ð14: Ac, and Z9 Ð14: Ac. Dose-response experiments showed that, at the lowest dose tested, Z9 Ð14: Ac and Z9, E12Ð14: Ac elicited larger EAG responses than Z9 Ð12: Ac and Z7Ð12: Ac in male antennae. At the highest doses tested, the diene elicited the largest EAG responses. In the case of female antennae, the dose, but not the pheromone component, had a signiÞcant effect. Male and female responses to 10-g stimulus loads of 16 plant volatiles showed that hexan-1-ol evoked larger EAG responses in comparison with those elicited by hexanal, (E)-3-hexenol, 2-carene, phellandrene, limonene, ␤-pinene, and hexane. The response of male antennae was signiÞcantly stronger than the female. Dose-response experiments showed that both sexes appeared to be most sensitive to alcohols, particularly at the highest dose tested.

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Nonirradiated males and females of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) were attracted to and landed more frequently on ripe fruits of Spondias mombin L. than on artificial fruit in wind tunnel bioassays. Porapak Q volatile extracts of S. mombin were also attractive and elicited landing on artificial fruit for both sexes. Combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of volatile extracts showed that nine volatile compounds elicited repeatable antennal responses from females and males. The EAD-active compounds were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS) as follows: ethyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, hexan-1-ol, propyl butyrate, isobutyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, isopentyl butyrate, ethyl benzoate, and ethyl octanoate. In wind tunnel bioassays, males and females were attracted and landed more frequently on lures containing the nine-component blend of synthetic compounds than on unscented controls. Field cage bioassays showed that multilure traps baited with the nine-synthetic blend captured significantly more A. obliqua than traps baited with hydrolyzed protein or water.

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