A simulation of the cooling of electronic devices was carried out by means of microchannels, using water as a coolant to dissipate the heat generated from a computer processor, and thus stabilize its optimum operating temperature. For the development of this study, computational fluid mechanics modeling was established in order to determine the temperature profiles, pressure profiles, and velocity behavior of the working fluid in the microchannel. In the results of the study, the operating temperatures of the computer processor were obtained, in the ranges of 303 K to 307 K, with fluid velocities in the microchannels of 5 m/s, a pressure drop of 633.7 kPa, and a factor of safety of the design of the microchannel of 15. From the results, the improvement of the heat transfer in a cooling system of electronic devices was evidenced when using a coolant as a working fluid compared to the cooling by forced air flow traditional. ABSTRAK: Simulasi penyejukan alatan elektronik telah dibina menggunakan saluran mikro, di samping air sebagai agen penyejuk bagi menghilangkan haba yang terhasil dari pemproses komputer, dan penstabil pada suhu operasi optimum. Kajian ini mengenai model komputasi mekanik bendalir bagi menentukan profil suhu, profil tekanan, dan halaju perubahan bendalir dalam saluran mikro. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan suhu operasi pemproses komputer adalah pada julat suhu 303 K sehingga 307 K, dengan halaju bendalir dalam saluran mikro adalah pada kelajuan 5 m/s, penurunan tekanan sebanyak 633.7 kPa, dan faktor keselamatan 15 bagi reka bentuk saluran mikro. Ini menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan pemindahan haba bagi sistem penyejukan alatan elektronik ini, terutama apabila cecair digunakan sebagai penyejuk haba berbanding kaedah tradisi iaitu dengan mengguna pakai aliran udara sebagai agen penyejuk.
How to cite: Duarte, J., et al., Thermodynamic Analysis of SelfIgnition in Spark-Ignited Engines Operated with Alternative Gaseous Fuels, TECCIENCIA, Vol. 11 No. 20,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] AbstractCurrently, detailed studies exist on the self-ignition phenomenon in liquid fuels and even for natural gas. However, studies for syngas are quite limited and existing ones are mainly focused on combustion kinetics and do not study self-ignition prior to the ignition point. This paper presents the development of a thermodynamic analysis to study the self-ignition phenomenon in gaseous alternative fuels during the compression stroke in spark-ignited internal combustion engines. Analysis takes into account the fuel composition, relevant process parameters, and variation due to pressure and temperature intake changes. The approach is focused on equilibrium thermodynamics, which easily allows estimating engine operating conditions. These results permit studying adequate compression ratios to obtain good efficiencies, as those achieved by using natural gas, but in heat engine applications to generate power with low-methane-number syngas fuels. Keywords: Self-ignition, Gaseous Fuels, Combustion, Internal Combustion Engines ResumenEn la actualidad, existen estudios detallados del fenómeno de la auto-detonación en combustibles líquidos e inclusive para el gas natural. Sin embargo, los estudios para gas de síntesis son muy limitados y los existentes se centran principalmente en la cinética de la combustión y no se ha estudiado el autoencendido antes del punto de ignición. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un análisis termodinámico para estudiar el fenómeno de auto-ignición en combustibles gaseosos alternativos durante la carrera de compresión, cuando son utilizados en motores de encendido provocado. El análisis tiene en cuenta la composición del combustible, los parámetros relevantes del proceso y la influencia debido a los cambios de presión y temperatura en la admisión. El enfoque se centra de la termodinámica de equilibrio, lo que permite una estimación práctica de la condición de funcionamiento del motor. Estos resultados permiten estudiar las relaciones de compresión adecuadas con el fin de obtener eficiencias similares a las obtenidas utilizando gas natural, pero en aplicaciones de motores térmicos para la generación de energía eléctrica utilizando gas de síntesis de metano bajo número como combustible
Reach stackers land equipment operating in ports of the Colombian Caribbean, are subject to several critical working conditions such as; corrosive environment, excess working hours, overload and lack of predictive maintenance. This work focuses on the failure analysis and the elaboration of the welding repair procedure of the telescopic beam belonging to the spreader of a Reach stacker that operates in a Colombian Caribbean seaport. Initially the fault zone was characterized; by mean a metallographic analysis and a hardness profile to identify the type of structural steel of which the beam is composed, obtaining an A514 grade C of 110KSI of tensile strength and 34HRC of hardness. The equipment manufacturer was verified and the established by the laboratory tests was corroborated. After identifying the material, the fracture area was analyzed where patterns of beach markings were found, typical of a fatigue failure which extended from the circumference of separating pins to the surface of the beam. The inclusion of the separators in the initial design generates stress concentrators in the welding of the pins which increases the fatigue zone combined with the excess load with which the equipment works. This fact could be verified with a technical bulletin published by the manufacturer brand "Taylor" where it indicates this type of failure for the telescopic beam of the Reach stackers. Successively, an FCAW type welding repair procedure is developed in accordance with AWS code D1.1, where the electrode to be used, the cords to be applied, the preheating, and the speeds and conditions recommended for filling the materials are selected cracks. Finally it could be concluded that the fault was generated by fatigue and overload in the welding of the telescopic beam separator pins and its repair will be carried out according to a welding procedure of the AWS code D1.1. The analysis of these types of cases will allow the company to take actions to minimize the new occurrence of the failure such as periodic reviews in that area after the work hours recommended by the manufacturer and the awareness of the equipment operators with the handling of loads on the dock.
El presente artículo muestra un análisis de la interactividad del Sistema Regional de Innovación local– SRI, caso del departamento del Atlántico, con la intención de plantear unos lineamientos dentro del mencionado SRI, los cuales favorezcan la interactividad en las actividades de cooperación para el desarrollo tecnológico endógeno. Esta propuesta adopta las Estructuras de Interrelación – EDI según Fernández de Lucio [1], para magnificar las interacciones en el entorno científico del departamento Atlántico, tendiente al análisis de dinamización de la relación Universidad-Empresa bajo un Enfoque Sistémico. Para ello, se utilizaron cuestionarios, hojas de registro de datos relativos de proyectos, de observación y de entrevista a participantes de proyectos de cooperación y colaboración comenzándose a documentar el resultado de los objetivos. Los resultados encontrados en primer lugar tienen un peso mayor en los renglones de generación de conocimientos, para la empresa y la academia, predominantemente a través de la formación de talentos humanos. En segundo lugar, los resultados se expresan en la mejora de procesos, que en ocasiones conllevan a la mejora técnica en los procesos de producción en las empresas, pero en muy baja proporción en la mejora de productos; y en mucha menor intensidad se generan innovaciones radicales o resultados en respuesta a la solución de problemas sociales o en atención a políticas gubernamentales.
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