In piled raft systems (PRSs), the piles are used to support load or to control settlements. These systems, when founded in soft soils that are then consolidated by loads or subsidence processes, can induce negative friction in the piles and other phenomena related to variations in the distribution of load or settlements. This paper presents the results of physical modeling in a geotechnical centrifuge capable of different distributions of piles under a raft. As a result, the influence of consolidation and extraction of water from a deep soil layer on the behavior of the PRS model was analyzed. It was determined that the processes associated with the extraction of water from the deep soil layer induce larger settlements. A separation between the raft and the soil is possible, as well as a change in the behavior of the PRS.
Contexto: Los micropilotes son utilizados como elementos de refuerzo del suelo o de recalce, dicha función es comprobada y analizada por diferentes autores. En Colombia el uso de esta técnica está limitado a conceptos propios del geotecnista que involucran conocimientos empíricos y experiencias exitosas. En consecuencia, es necesaria la compilación de variables clave y metodologías analíticas y numéricas para la mejor comprensión de esta técnica. Método: En este documento se presenta un estado del arte sustentado en artículos e investigaciones que tienen como objeto el análisis y la evaluación del comportamiento de los micropilotes como elementos recuperadores de capacidad de carga en grupos de pilotes que presentan defectos. Resultados: Los hallazgos identificados en los documentos consultados logran ser sintetizados como un soporte teórico que se convierte en un punto de partida para futuras investigaciones en este campo de la ingeniería geotécnica. Conclusiones: Se logra evidenciar que los micropilotes tienen una influencia positiva en la recuperación de carga de fundaciones existentes, demostrando la importancia de efectuar ensayos y análisis de campo directamente en Colombia, considerando los estratos de suelos específicos que se encuentran en el país.
The use of Piled Raft Foundations Systems (PRFS) has been extended to different types of soils, including soft clay soils. In this type of soil it is possible that, in addition to the consolidation process due to the presence of loads, a subsidence process is generated, associated with variations in pore pressure with depth. In many cases, these variations are associated with the loss of recharge of the aquifers or with the extraction of water from deep soil layers. In this work, the behaviour of some PRFS built on soft clay soils, which are subjected to the double consolidation process, are evaluated, both by loading and by the extraction of water from deep soil layers. The research is based on the implementation of reduced-scale models in a geotechnical centrifuge; the influence of the separation and number of piles on the deformation or settlement of the system is analysed. It is shown that, normally, groups of piles with greater separation control settlement more effectively. However, the settlements are greater when the soil is subjected to the weight of the structure in addition to a process of depletion of the pore pressure, because the settlement depends on the distribution of the piles, which is described using the Filling Factor (FF).
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