In this work the importance of maize pericarp and germ in relation to the overall quality of masa and tortillas was studied. Alkaline-cooking originated alterations in the outer layers of the grain. Its components were hydrated and the pericarp fraction assumed a gummy and sticky texture. During the liming process, some components from the germ, pericarp and tip cap fractions released`maize hull gums', increasing the contents of xylose, galactose and D-glucuronic acid. The presence of gums and insolubilised germ that remained after the traditional washing of the nixtamal improved the viscosity, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the masa and tortillas as compared to the dry masa and tortillas from nixtamal with the germ removed and from exhaustively washed nixtamal, where most of the hull gums and germ were removed. Fresh tortillas or tortillas stored for 24 h at room temperature prepared using the traditional process of nixtamalisation (washed twice) were more stretchable, elastic and resistant to tearing and cracking than tortillas prepared with exhaustively washed nixtamal or with nixtamal washed twice with the germ removed. Tortillas from nixtamal with the germ removed showed the worst texture, rollability and puf®ng.
Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de transitar de una educación rural oficial a la educación rural comunitaria, esta última basada de manera central en el vínculo escuela-comunidad. Para este estudio se articularon los resultados preliminares de dos investigaciones más amplias realizadas en el Municipio zapoteco de San Jerónimo Coatlán, en la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, por medio del uso de la etnografía educativa (Rockwell, 1991 y Piña, 1997) e implementación de talleres enmarcados bajo una metodología comunal (Pérez, 2018b) . Las reflexiones que sustentan el artículo son resultado de nuestro trabajo de campo (realizado entre marzo de 2018 y junio de 2019), y se dirigen hacia la construcción y compartencia de conocimientos en torno a la territorialidad y la vida comunitaria. Asimismo, se presentan las reflexiones centradas en mostrar uno de los retos emergentes frente a la educación y la escuela rural en este municipio, que consiste en fortalecer los sistemas epistemológicos propios con base en los proyectos comunitarios locales, de manera que la educación y la escuela se transformen efectivamente en espacios de diálogo entre lo nacional y lo local.
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