The potential of four yeasts (Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula minuta, Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus diffluens) and three bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila) with antagonistic capacity against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango cv. Ataulfo fruit was investigated. Germination of C. gloeosporioides spores was significantly inhibited by all marine yeasts and bacteria strains of an in vitro test. When yeasts and bacteria were tested on mango fruit, the marine yeast D. hansenii 1R11CB strain and marine bacteria S. rhizophila KM02 strain were the best antagonists to anthracnose (C. gloeosporioides), which significantly decreased disease incidence by 56% and 89%, respectively, and reduced lesion diameter by 91% and 92%, respectively. All the isolated strains of the phytopathogen, yeasts and bacteria were molecularly identified. Our results from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that marine yeasts and bacteria strains can be used as some effective biological control agents for anthracnose in mango.
Currently, the use of nanoparticles is having an impact on agricultural production. There is evidence that copper nanoparticles have a strong impact on the growth and development of different crops. Biofortification specifically with (NPs Cu) improves the nutritional quality of food and its consumption has a positive influence on the health of humanity. The objective of this study consisted in evaluating the foliar application of copper nanoparticles (NPs Cu), on the weight of the fruit, nutraceutical quality and concentration of copper in melon fruit pulp. The treatments consisted of five doses of Cu NPs: 0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2 and 9.0 mg L -1 sprinkled foliarly. The variables evaluated were fruit weight, polar and equatorial diameter, firmness, total soluble solids, bioactive compounds and copper content in melon pulp. The results obtained indicated that the foliar application of NPs Cu, improved the physical and nutraceutical quality and the concentration of Cu in melon fruits. The highest weight and the best diameters of the fruit were obtained with the highest concentrations of NPs Cu (7.2 and 9.0 mg L-1). The concentration of 3.6 mg L-1 Cu NPs presented the highest antioxidant capacity with a value of 117,713 mg equiv. Trolox * 100 mg -1 PF, and higher content of phenols with 243.68 mg ac. gallic / 100 g FP, exceeding the concentration of 1.8 mg L -1 by 39% and the control treatment by 48%. The 3.6 and 5.4 mg L-1 treatments obtained the highest amount of flavonoids with values of 149.903 and 148.29 mg QE / 100 g -1 FP, respectively. Regarding the copper concentration in the melon fruit pulp, the 9.0 mg L-1 treatment presented the highest concentration with a value of 5.39 mg kg -1 PS; The results show that, statistically, there is a correlation between the copper nanoparticles and the phytochemical variables in melon fruits. It is concluded that the use of Cu NPs can be an alternative to enrich melon fruits, and could help to solve the copper deficiency in the diet of the population.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables provides natural antioxidants in the human diet that are capable of preventing diseases resulting from the action of free radicals. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of organic nutrient solutions on the nutraceutical quality of hydroponic cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) produced under greenhouse conditions. The applied organic solutions consisted of compost and vermicompost teas and vermicompost leachate, while Steiner nutrient solution was used as a control. Analytical tests were run to determine the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of the melon fruits. The nutraceutical quality (antioxidant capacity and phenolic content) of the fruits fertilized with the organic solutions was higher than that of melons fertilized using Steiner solution. Treatment with vermicompost leachate led to the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content among all of the treatments, resulting a 46.1% higher in antioxidant capacity (DPPH + method) and a 29.3% higher phenolic content compared with inorganically fertilized fruits. Vermicompost solutions (leachate and tea) are viable alternatives for use as a nutrient source in the production of hydroponic cantaloupe melon with improved nutraceutical quality under greenhouse conditions.
En la zona árida del noroeste de México, el cultivo del centeno no se encuentra establecido, pero hay un gran interés de sembrarlo, debido a que ha aumentado su demanda, principalmente por sus propiedades nutricionales benéficas en la salud; en personas diabéticas, problemas de obesidad, cardiovasculares entre otras, además de que sería un excelente cereal secundario por lo que se pronostica una importación en los próximos años y por ello, es necesario ampliar el conocimiento en materia agronómica, para encontrar las condiciones para obtener un buen rendimiento, en el estado de Sonora. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar la factibilidad del cultivo de centeno considerando dosis de fertilización nitrogenada en la región agrícola de la Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, evaluando el rendimiento y sus componentes de calidad de grano. El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en el municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora. La fecha de siembra fue del 15 de enero al 15 de mayo, durante el ciclo invierno-primavera del 2017. El experimento se estableció bajo riego por goteo. La variedad de centeno evaluada se denomina como “Criollo Tlaxcala”. Los tratamientos de fertilización con N consistieron en: 1) Testigo 0 kg ha-1, 2) 80 kg ha-1 y el 3) 150 kg ha-1. El experimento se estableció con un diseño en bloques al azar. Las determinaciones que se realizaron fueron: análisis de suelo y agua, rendimiento de grano, peso de 1000 granos, peso hectolítrico, número de espigas, biomasa a madurez fisiológica, grados días calor, etapas fenológicas y contenido de proteína en grano, además se consideraron los datos meteorológicos. Los resultados indican que conforme aumenta la dosis de fertilización, ésta influye significativamente, en el rendimiento y calidad de grano. El contenido de proteína fue más alto en los 3 niveles de fertilización comparados con los valores reportados en investigaciones y a nivel comercial en otros países.
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