Topological worms, such as those that propagate by following links in an overlay network, have the potential to spread faster than traditional random scanning worms because they have knowledge of a subset of the overlay nodes, and choose these nodes to propagate themselves; and also because they can avoid traditional detection mechanisms. Furthermore, this worm propagation strategy is likely to become prevalent as the deployment of networks with a sparse address space, such as IPv6, makes the traditional random scanning strategy futile.We present a novel approach for containing topological worms based on the fact that some overlay nodes may not have common vulnerabilities, due to their platform diversity. By reorganizing the overlay graph, it is possible to contain topological worms in small islands of nodes with common vulnerabilities that only have knowledge of themselves or nodes running on distinct platforms. We also present the design of Verme, a peer-to-peer overlay based on Chord that follows this approach, and VerDi, a DHT layer built on top of the Verme routing overlay.Simulations show that Verme and VerDi have a low overhead when compared to Chord's corresponding layers, and that our new overlay design helps containing, or at least slowing down the propagation of topological worms.
Abstract. Developing a distributed application for mobile resource constrained devices is a difficult and error-prone task that requires awareness of several system-level details (e.g., fault-tolerance, ...). Several mobile middleware solutions addressing these issues have been proposed. However, they rely on either significant changes in application structure, extensions to the programming language syntax and semantics, domain specific languages, cumbersome development tools, or a combination of the above. The main disadvantages of these approaches are lack of transparency and reduced portability. In this paper we describe our work on enabling transparent integration between applications and middleware without changing application structure, extending the programming language or otherwise reducing portability. We used the OBI-WAN middleware but our solutions are general. To achieve this goal we employ program analysis and transformation techniques for extending application code with hooks for calling middleware services. Application code extension is performed automatically at compile-time by a code extension tool integrated with the development environment tool set. We describe the implementation of our .NET and Java prototypes and discuss evaluation results.
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