The specific energy of carbon–ionic liquid supercapacitors comparable to NiMH batteries has been achieved by a combined modeling and experimental approach.

This roadmap presents the transformational research ideas proposed by “BATTERY 2030+,” the European large‐scale research initiative for future battery chemistries. A “chemistry‐neutral” roadmap to advance battery research, particularly at low technology readiness levels, is outlined, with a time horizon of more than ten years. The roadmap is centered around six themes: 1) accelerated materials discovery platform, 2) battery interface genome, with the integration of smart functionalities such as 3) sensing and 4) self‐healing processes. Beyond chemistry related aspects also include crosscutting research regarding 5) manufacturability and 6) recyclability. This roadmap should be seen as an enabling complement to the global battery roadmaps which focus on expected ultrahigh battery performance, especially for the future of transport. Batteries are used in many applications and are considered to be one technology necessary to reach the climate goals. Currently the market is dominated by lithium‐ion batteries, which perform well, but despite new generations coming in the near future, they will soon approach their performance limits. Without major breakthroughs, battery performance and production requirements will not be sufficient to enable the building of a climate‐neutral society. Through this “chemistry neutral” approach a generic toolbox transforming the way batteries are developed, designed and manufactured, will be created.

Ion-ion interactions in supercapacitor (SC) electrolytes are considered to have significant influence over the charging process and therefore the overall performance of the SC system. Current strategies used to weaken ionic interactions can enhance the power of SCs, but consequently, the energy density will decrease due to the increased distance between adjacent electrolyte ions at the electrode surface. Herein, we report on the simultaneous enhancement of the power and energy densities of a SC using an ionic mixture electrolyte with different types of ionic interactions. Two types of cations with stronger ionic interactions can be packed in a denser arrangement in mesopores to increase the capacitance, whereas only cations with weaker ionic interactions are allowed to enter micropores without sacrificing the power density. This unique selective charging behavior in different confined porous structure was investigated by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and further confirmed theoretically by both density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results offer a distinct insight into pairing ionic mixture electrolytes with materials with confined porous characteristics and further propose that it is possible to control the charging process resulting in comprehensive enhancements in SC performance.

Hollow fiber carbon membranes (HFCMs) were prepared from deacetylated cellulose acetate precursors using a multidwell carbonization protocol. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis−mass spectrometry were employed to characterize the HFCMs. Gas permeation tests were conducted with single gases (H2, CO2, N2, and CH4) as well as gas mixtures. The single-gas test results indicated that the molecular sieving mechanism dominated in the carbon membrane separation process. The effects and feed pressure on the carbon membrane performance were also investigated. Moreover, the gas-mixture test results indicated that the permeability and selectivity need to be optimized by adjusting the operating conditions (basically temperature) for the membrane process. The aging test result indicates that the permeability of the carbon membrane will decrease over time when it is exposed to the laboratory air.