Kuraklık, bitki büyümesini ve verimini olumsuz etkileyen bir abiyotik stres faktörüdür. Buğday gibi tahıllar kuraklık stresinden olumsuz etkilendiklerinden verim azalmaktadır. İyi bir ozmo-tolerant olan Glisin-Betain (GB) ozmotik stres koşullarında eksojen olarak uygulandığında yaprak dokularına kolaylıkla alınır, kloroplastlarda fotosentetik aktivite ve zar bütünlüğünün sürdürülmesini sağlar ve membran zararını azaltır. Bu çalışmada 5 mM GB uygulamasının kuraklığa farklı toleransa sahip iki buğday çeşidinde (kurağa duyarlı Sultan-95, kurağa-dayanıklı Tosunbey) kök ve gövde uzunluğu, klorofil miktarı (SPAD), bağıl su içeriği, lipit peroksidasyon (TBARS), hücre zarı geçirgenliği (HZG), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ve antioksidan savunma sistemi enzim aktiviteleri (peroksidaz (POX), askorbat peroksidaz (APX), glutatyon redüktaz (GR), katalaz (CAT)) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlarımıza göre, eksojen GB uygulaması ile her iki çeşit kuraklığa bağlı klorozisten ve kök uzunluğundaki inhibisyondan korunmuştur. Her iki çeşitte kuraklığa bağlı oksidatif stres nedeniyle TBARS ve H2O2 miktarının eksojen GB uygulamasıyla azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Oksidatif stresin bastırılmasında, H2O2 detoksifikasyonunun Tosunbey çeşidinde POX aktivitelerindeki artış ile Sultan-95'te ise APX ve CAT aktivitelerindeki artış ile gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, eksojen GB uygulaması her iki buğday çeşidinde kuraklık stresiyle ortaya çıkan oksidatif zarardan korunma sağlamıştır.
The effect of drought stress on 21 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were screened at the germination stage for drought tolerance. Four levels of osmotic stress was assessed by applying different polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000; 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% (w/v)) concentrations. Germination rate, root-shoot length, total chlorophyll amount (SPAD), specific leaf area (SLA), relative water content (RWC), superoxide anion (O2 . ˉ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation were determined on the 8th day after sowing.The increased osmotic stress, significantly reduced germination rate, root-shoot length, SLA, chlorophyll amount and RWC in KateA-1, Gelibolu and Sultan-95 varieties. Pehlivan, Karahan-99 and Tekirdağ varieties were less affected by osmotic stress and these varieties were determined as drought tolerant varieties than other varieties.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated agricultural crop in dry areas. However, drought is one of the most limiting environmental stress factors for crop production in the world's agricultural areas. Seed priming is a physiological technique involving seed hydration and drying to improve metabolic processes before germination. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of four different priming treatments (hormo-priming (gibberellic acid, GA3), redox-priming (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), osmo-priming (polyethylene glycol, PEG) and thermo-priming (38oC)) on total chlorophyll content (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), specific leaf area (SLA), H2O2 amounts and shoot-root lengths in a local wheat variety (cv. Ekiz). Drought stress significantly decreased seed germination, shoot-root lengths, SLA, SPAD and RWC while increasing H2O2 content. Thermo-priming treatments fully improved the negative effects of drought on chlorophyll amount and germination compared to control plants. However, shoot-root lengths improved only in half level of control plants. While drought stress decreased seed germination by 14%, hormo-priming treatment ensured germination of all seeds. On the contrary of other priming treatments, hormo-priming and osmo-priming treatments increased RWC. Consequently, thermo-priming and hormo-priming treatments found most effective than the other priming treatments in drought stress resistance for cv. Ekiz.
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