The economic impact of abortions in ruminant breeders is one of the biggest problems in livestock. Of the infectious agents, viruses, especially herpesviruses and pestiviruses, are the most important causative agents of abortion in ruminants. In the present study, the role of herpesviruses (bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV)) was investigated in cases of ruminant abortion between 2007 and 2015 in western Turkey. Out of 81 aborted fetal samples (60 calves, 19 lambs, and 2 kids), 42 were positive, which included 31 calves, 9 lambs, and 2 goats; 39 aborted fetal samples were negative for the pestivirus antigen ELISA. BoHV-1 antigen ELISA was positive in 3 cases which included 2 calves and 1 lamb; the remainder 78 cases were negative. Pestivirus and BoHV-1 were positive in 51.85 and 3.70 %, respectively, of the samples. According to PCR analysis, BoHV-4 was not encountered in any of the tested samples. In one of the calf fetus samples, both BVDV and BoHV-1 were positive; in one of the lamb fetus samples, BoHV-1 was positive. There was a much higher level of pestivirus antigen than the other viral agents evaluated in the study (p < 0.0001). The results of this study indicate that pestiviruses are a common viral cause of ruminant abortions in the examined area.
Pestivirus infections have a huge economic impact on livestock production. In 2014, an aborted fetus from a sheep flock suffering from abortus and diarrhea was submitted for virological diagnosis. Due to the positive result of the sample for pestivirus and continuing clinical symptoms in the flock, all of the animals were sampled individually. Blood samples for serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 93 animals (5 rams, 26 lambs, and 62 sheep). During sampling 1 ocular and 4 rectal swab samples were obtained from lambs that had a clinical eye problem and diarrhea, respectively. Additionally 5 aborted fetuses were submitted after the initial sampling. Thirteen of the 93 blood samples tested positive for pestivirus by antigen-detection ELISA. Propagation of noncytopathogenic virus was detected in blood samples from 6 lambs and in 1 aborted fetus sample by using the indirect immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. Pestivirus RNA was detected in 10 of 13 samples by RT-PCR employing pan-pestivirus primers. Border disease virus (BDV) RNA was identified with PBD1/PBD2 specific primers in all 10 samples that tested positive for pan-pestivirus primers. Differentiating RT-PCR further identified BVDV-1 sequences in 3 of the 10 samples. The Sequenced BDV strain (KY-57) was located in the cluster of BDV-7 (Aydin-like) while the BVDV strain was close close to BVDV-1c. The results of this study highlight the possibility of dual infection in sheep with BDV and BVDV-1.
Özet: Sığır solunum sistemi enfeksiyonları tüm dünyada besi ve süt sığırı işletmelerindeki en önemli problemlerden birisidir.Bu çalışmada, büyük kapasiteli bir besi sığırı işletmesinde bulunan üç farklı yaş grubundaki (6-8 aylık; 9-11 aylık; 12-15 aylık) hayvanlarda solunum sistemi virüslerinin serolojik dağılımı incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda örneklenen hayvanlarda, bovine viral diarrhoea virüs (BVDV), bovine herpesvirüs-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratorik sinsityal virüs (BRSV) ve bovine parainfluenza -3 (PI-3) virüsleri için spesifik antikor varlığı araştırılarak, bireysel ve çoklu solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarının değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan her yaş grubundan 80 adet olmak üzere toplam 240 adet kan serumu örneği toplandı. Virüs nötralizasyon yöntemiyle yapılan analizler sonucunda BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV ve PI-3 için seropozitiflik değerleri sırasıyla 6-8 aylık grup için %96.3; %98.8; %100; %100; 9-11 aylık grup için %88.8; %100; %97.5; %98.8 ve 12-15 aylık grup için %71.3; %95; %93.8; %96.3 olarak tespit edildi. Elde edilen verilere göre 6-8 aylık ve 9-11 aylık hayvanların test edilen tüm etkenlere karşı yüksek seropozitifliğe sahip olduğu görülürken 12-15 aylık hayvanlarda bu oranın azalmaya başladığı belirlendi. Ayrıca örnekleme yapılan besi sığırlarının tümünün test edilen virüslerden en az iki veya daha fazlasına karşı seropozitif bulunması çoklu enfeksiyon varlığının yüksek oranda seyrettiğini gösterdi. Seropozitif hayvanların yaş grupları arasındaki dağılımının BVDV enfeksiyonu için 6-8 aylık ile 12-15 aylık ve 9-11 aylık ile 12-15 aylık yaşlar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde farklı olduğu görüldü (P<0.05).Anahtar sözcükler: Besi sığırı, BHV-1, BRSV, BVDV, PI-3, persiste enfeksiyon, seroprevalans. Seroprevalance of respiratory viruses and detection of persistent BVD virus infection in beef cattleSummary: Bovine respiratory infections are among the most important problems both in beef and dairy production worldwide.In this study, serological distribution of bovine respiratory viruses was investigated in three different age groups (6-8 month; 9-11 month; 12-15 month) of non-vaccinated beef cattle in a large capacity farm. Neutralizing antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus -3 (PI-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were investigated. Total of 240 blood sera samples, 80 samples from each of the age groups were collected. Seropositivity rates for BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV and PI-3 were 96.3%, 98.8%, 100%, 100% in 6-8 month of age; 88.8%, 100%, 97.5%, 98.8% in 9-11 month of age and 71.3%, 95%, 93.8%, 96.3% in 12-15 month of age, respectively. According to this study, while group of 6-8 month and 9-11 month old animals exhibited a higher seropositivity against tested agents, 12-15 month old animals were determined to have decreased ratios. In addition, it was determined that a high proportion of multiple infections on account of all tested animals were found to be seropositive at least against two and...
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