Minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in the rural Southeast; therefore, it is important to develop targeted, culturally appropriate interventions to support rural minority participation in HIV/AIDS research. Using Intervention Mapping, we developed a comprehensive multilevel intervention for service providers (SPs) and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We collected data from both groups through 11 focus groups and 35 individual interviews. Resultant data were used to develop matrices of behavioral outcomes, performance objectives and learning objectives. Each performance objective was mapped with changeable, theory-based determinants to inform components of the intervention. Behavioral outcomes for the intervention included: (a) Eligible PLWHA will enroll in clinical trials; and (b) SPs will refer eligible PLWHA to clinical trials. The ensuing intervention consists of four SPs and six PLWHA educational sessions. Its contents, methods and strategies were grounded in the theory of reasoned action, social cognitive theory, and the concept of social support. All materials were pretested and refined for content appropriateness and effectiveness.
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer both in developed and developing countries. It is also the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females in economically developing countries. Additionally, breast cancer among African women is quite aggressive and progressive in nature, and often occurs earlier in life. This, coupled with the fact that African women make up one of the fastest growing immigrant population in the United States and immigrants have been shown to have lower rates of mammogram uptake, warrants scientific inquiry about how to effectively promote awareness and support breast cancer early detection and prevention practices in this population. Using Intervention Mapping (IM), a systematic approach to intervention development, recommendations for a program to promote breast health among African immigrant women in the United States will be presented. Final program recommendations are grounded in current scientific literature on breast health promotion strategies, qualitative formative research through semi-structured interviews with women, and theoretical considerations. The resultant program is a comprehensive, multilevel, evidence-based, culturally-appropriate and theory-driven educational curriculum for African immigrant women. Performance objectives (e.g., “obtain an annual mammogram”) will be specified, and behavioral determinants (e.g. knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy) will be discussed as part of a detailed matrix of change objectives for African immigrant women and community leaders. Innovative approaches, theoretical methods and practical strategies, in addition to program materials and activities, will also be described. Citation Format: Ebun O. Odeneye. Breast health promotion among African immigrant women: Intervention recommendations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B18.
Breast cancer among African women is described as aggressive and progressive in nature. In fact, many African women who have breast cancer are pre-menopausal. Like their African-American counterparts, African women also suffer from early onset of breast cancer with most cases occurring when they are younger than 50 years old. Although annual mammography screening is recognized as effective in reducing breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality, women of African descent are less likely to have mammography screenings, though they are at higher risk for getting the disease relative to other racial and ethnic groups. They are also more likely to present for treatment with late stage tumors. Coupled with the above-described similarities between African American women and African immigrant women are unique cultural characteristics that shape these women's migration experiences in relation to breast health. Unfortunately, it is difficult to delineate epidemiological data between these two groups given that both groups are subsumed under the same broad category of “African-American”. As African immigrant women continue to maintain its current position as one of the fastest growing populations in this country, it will become more paramount to advance the science around behavioral and environmental factors driving these women's decisions about their health, specifically how to tailor effective breast cancer prevention strategies for this population. The purpose of this research endeavor was to design a comprehensive breast health promotion program for African immigrant women in Houston, Texas using Intervention Mapping. Step 1, needs assessment, revealed low knowledge and exposure to Breast Health Information; shame, secrecy, stigma regarding breast health discourse; diverse explanations and treatments for breast cancer; access-related barriers; unique cultural factors and spiritual beliefs about breast cancer; and concerns regarding privacy and trust in healthcare settings. The Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory and Social Support were found as the most salient theoretical underpinnings for this endeavor. Steps 2 through 6 of the Intervention Mapping approach yielded a comprehensive, community-based, culturally-appropriate breast health promotion for African immigrant women with a rigorous evaluation plan titled, “Get Screened, Be Whole, Stay Well”. In summary, Intervention Mapping was useful in systematically planning a theory-based, comprehensive program for African immigrant women in Houston, Texas. Program planners can employ the Intervention Mapping approach to prioritize the health needs of underserved populations; target theoretical determinants for behavioral change; and identify effective methods, strategies and delivery channels for engendering sustainable behavioral change in cancer prevention. This iterative process also allows for collaboration with diverse stakeholders; it promotes transparency in the planning process for all parties involved; and tends to yield a more culturally appropriate program for the target population. Citation Format: Ebun O. Odeneye. Using intervention mapping to plan a breast health promotion program for African immigrant women: A proposal. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A20.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.