Many studies have examined the asymmetric effect of US dollar-denominated crude oil prices on petroleum product prices. The ‘rockets and feathers’ argument suggests that a crude price increase raises petroleum product prices more than a corresponding decrease in crude prices lowers product prices. However, for the countries that do not use the US dollar as a medium of exchange, petroleum product prices are also affected by the exchange rates. This paper analysed the asymmetric effects of both US dollar-denominated crude oil prices and exchange rates on local currency-denominated diesel prices for 27 European countries in the short run as well as long run. The overall empirical evidence suggests that, in the short run, diesel prices react more to crude oil price increases than to a decrease, parallel to the ‘rockets and feathers’ argument. However, contrary to that argument, the long-run adjustment is the opposite. As for exchange rate shocks, again the ‘rockets and feathers’ argument holds and diesel prices respond more to exchange rate depreciation than appreciation in the short and long run.
This paper measures the research efficiency and productivity of public universities founded before 1981 in Turkey over the period 2013-2016. Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to assess the relative research efficiency of these universities, while Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index is used to measure the total factor productivity change with respect to research inputs of universities. The analysis made here differ from the similar studies in terms of the diversity of data set and the measurement of university research efficiency and productivity changes together. The results indicate that the number of relatively efficient universities according to their reserach inputs declines continuously over the years. Also, the productivity of research activities decreases except the period 2013-2014. It is additionally observed that 2.3% fall in research productivity of the universities is due to deterioration in both technological and technical efficiency over the yaers.
Today, in addition to teaching and research roles, universities are one of major drivers of economic development and technological progress in society. To propagate technological innovation and industrial development, to implement output of academic research in practice universities should be in close cooperation with industry. University-industry collaborations have various benefits both for universities and industry. Universities gain additional funds for academic research, apply academic knowledge to industry; industry benefits from skilled human resources, new applications, and technological advances. Since university-industry collaborations have great mutual benefits for all partners, it is important to administer these operations effectively. Therefore, it is central to develop some efficiency indicators and efficiency measurement methods so that productive projects can be selected and funded more. This study aims to outline a framework on determinants of university-industry collaboration efficiency and construct a benchmark model to evaluate it using data envelopment analysis.
In this study, control charts for monitoring linear profiles are adopted to early warning system (EWS) to see if global crises can be detected before they occur so that preventive actions can be taken by the policy makers. For this purpose, the relation between the annual gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption of G8 and big emerging countries through the years 1980-2012 is observed. Phase I analysis indicated that the model parameters are autocorrelated through time. Thus, the Shewhart and EWMA charts for linear profile monitoring are adopted to take this into account and found that EWMA is better. It is seen that the 2008 global crisis can be detected whereas relatively local Asian crisis cannot. This is the first study that integrates linear profile monitoring schemes to EWS and that takes into account the correlation among profiles with different explanatory variables (x-values) for each profile. ÖzetBu çalışmada, küresel krizleri öngörebilmek ve dolayısıyla karar alıcılar tarafından önleyici aksiyonlar alınabilmesi amacıyla erken uyarı sistemi oluşturmak üzere doğrusal profil için kontrol şemaları adapte edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYH) ile G8 ve gelişmekte olan büyük ülkelerin 1980-2012 yıllarındaki enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Faz I analizi model parametrelerinin zaman içinde otokorelasyon içerdiğini göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu otokorelasyonu dikkate alan, doğrusal profiller için Shewhart ve EWMA şemaları kullanılmış ve EWMA şemasının daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2008 küresel krizinin tespit edilebildiği ancak yerel Asya krizinin tespit edilemediği görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, hem doğrusal profillerin izlenmesi için geliştirilen kontrol şemalarını erken uyarı sistemi oluşturmak amacıyla kullanan hem de açıklayıcı değişkenlerin (x-değerleri) profilden profile çeşitlilik arz etmesi ile profiller arası korelasyonu da dikkate alan ilk çalışmadır.
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