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The essential oils from the aerial parts of catmint (Nepeta meyeri Benth.) were analyzed by hydrodistillation with GC-MS. Fourteen compounds were identified in the yellowish essential oil of the plant, representing more than 99.07% of the oil, of which the major components were found to be 4aa,7a,7ab-nepetalactone (83.4%) and 4aa,7a,7aa-nepetalactone (8.83%). The oils were characterized by relatively high content of oxygenated monoterpenes, and were tested on the germination and antioxidative systems in early seedlings of seven weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Bromus danthoniae Trin., Bromus intermedius Guss., Chenopodium album L., Cynodon dactylon L., Lactuca serriola L., and Portulaca oleracea L.) and autotoxicity. The essential oil of N. meyeri inhibited seed germination by more than 50% in three weed species (B. danthoniae, B. intermedius, and L. serriola) when applied at a concentration of 0.01%. When the same oils were applied at 0.02% concentration, the inhibition of germination was more than 70% in two weeds (C. album and C. dactylon) and was 100% in four weeds (A. retroflexus, B. danthoniae, B. intermedius, and L. serriola). The essential oils increased CAT activity in all the weed species and decreased SOD activity, except in A. retroflexus. POX activity did not exhibit a revealing situation in the weed species tested. The essential oils increased the level of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration in all the weeds studied. Our results show that the essential oils of N. meyeri have an important phytotoxic effect on seed germination and, consequently, seedling growth by exhausting antioxidative system of the weeds. The phytotoxic activity of the essential oils may be attributed to their relatively high content of oxygenated monoterpenes, especially 4aa,7a,7ab-nepetalactone. It can be suggest that the essential oils of N. meyeri have the potential to be used as a bioherbicide.

Our results demonstrate that S. spicigera, T. fallax oils, carvacrol and thymol could become potentials for controlling certain important agricultural plant pathogenic bacteria and seed disinfectant.

Abstract4-(3-(4-Substituted-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamides (9–16) were successfully synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitory effects of the compounds were investigated. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 316.7 ± 9.6–533.1 ± 187.8 nM towards hCA I and 412.5 ± 115.4–624.6 ± 168.2 nM towards hCA II isoenzymes. While Ki values of the reference compound Acetazolamide were 278.8 ± 44.3 nM and 293.4 ± 46.4 nM towards hCA I and hCA II izoenzymes, respectively. Compound 14 with bromine and compound 13 with fluorine substituents can be considered as the leader compounds of the series because of the lowest Ki values in series to make further detailed carbonic anhydrase inhibiton studies.

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A series of phenols incorporating tertiary amine and trans-pyridylethenyl-carbonyl moieties were assayed as inhibitors of the b-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ScCA. One of these compounds was a low nanomolar ScCA inhibitor, whereas the remaining ones inhibited the enzyme with K I s in the range of 23.5-95.4 nM. The off-target human (h) isoforms hCA I and hCA II were much less inhibited by these phenols, with K I s in the range of 0.78-23.5 mM (hCA I) and 10.8-52.4 mM (hCA II). The model organism S. cerevisiae and this particular enzyme may be useful for detecting antifungals with a novel mechanism of action compared to the classical azole drugs to which significant drug resistance emerged.