Zn 1-x Mn x O (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10, 0.15) nanopowders were synthesized by the sol–gel technique calcinated at low temperatures. By decreasing the grain size in ZnO , the solubility of magnetic impurity has been increased and no detectable secondary phases were observed even in the high Mn -doping samples. The phase formation, size and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction and SEM observations. The samples were ferromagnetic and the Curie point was found in the range 150–170 K for Zn0.94Mn0.06O and 135–150 K for Zn0.98Mn0.02O . Optical characterization and the effect of doping were carried out by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Kramers–Kronig analysis was employed to evaluate the optical constants of pure ZnO and ZnO:Mn nanopowders.
Orthogonal polynomials can be used for representing complex surfaces on a specific domain. In optics, Zernike polynomials have widespread applications in testing optical instruments, measuring wavefront distributions, and aberration theory. This orthogonal set on the unit circle has an appropriate matching with the shape of optical system components, such as entrance and exit pupils. The existence of noise in the process of representation estimation of optical surfaces causes a reduction of precision in the process of estimation. Different strategies are developed to manage unwanted noise effects and to preserve the quality of the estimation. This article studies the modeling of phase wavefront aberrations in third-order optics by using a combination of Zernike and pseudo-Zernike polynomials and shows how this combination may increase the robustness of the estimation process of phase wavefront aberration distribution.
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