The contribution of fish farming is relatively low in the national consumption of fish products. Yet the country has a significant socio-natural potential, which well valued can reduce fish imports and enhance food security. This study, based on a survey conducted in the two main areas of extensive fish farming (Central West and Southwest), was to analyze the technical and socioeconomic determinants of family fish farming to support the dynamic development of this activity. The results showed that 98% of fish farmers are men of 51 to 60 years old. Most of them are illiterate practicing agriculture as their main activity. Farming infrastructure are usually composed of dams ponds (90%) of 0.25-1.5 ha, and ponds of 0.1 ha. Water was provided either by river (95%) or groundwater (5%). On average most farms are of mall size (3 ha) and were acquired by purchasing lands. Fish farmers mainly practiced mixed farming of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Heterotis (Heterotis niloticus). In 60% of the cases, fish farming is associated with rice cultivation practiced in the shallows. Fish were mainly fed with rice bran. An 390 important number of farmers (72%) practiced sexing of in order to improve their yields. Furthermore, 60% of them have a lower production to 6 tons per year, and fish were old between 1500 and 2000 CFA (1 FCFA=0,0014 euros) per kg leading to an average annual income of less than 5 million CFA francs. RésuméLa contribution de la pisciculture en Côte d'Ivoire est relativement faible dans la consommation nationale de poisson. Pourtant, le pays possède un potentiel socio-naturel important, qui bien valorisé peut contribuer à réduire les importations de poisson et renforcer la sécurité alimentaire. Cette étude, basée sur une enquête dans les deux principales zones de pisciculture, avait pour objectif d'obtenir des données de base afin d'appuyer la dynamique de développement et de participer à la levée des principales contraintes. Les résultats montrent qu'à 98%, les pisciculteurs sont des hommes de 51 à 60 ans qui sont à 52% des analphabètes. L'agriculture constitue, dans 62% de cas leur activité principale. Les infrastructures sont constituées à 90% barrage-étangs de superficie moyenne 0,25-1,5 ha et d'étangs de 0,1 ha alimentés à 95% par de l'eau de rivière ou par la nappe phréatique (5%). Les exploitations souvent de petite taille (3 ha), ont été acquises dans 53%-76% de cas par achat. La polyculture est la plus pratiquée (97%) avec dans 90% de cas, le couple Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)/Hétérotis (Heterotis niloticus). Le son de riz constitue dans 72%de cas, l'aliment distribué aux poissons. Le sexage dans le but d'améliorer leurs rendements des étangs piscicoles est pratiqué par 72% des pisciculteurs qui associent dans 60% de cas, la riziculture à la pisciculture. Par ailleurs, 60% des pisciculteurs ont une production inférieure à 6 tonnes/an et vendent cette production entre 1500 et 2000 FCFA/kg, ce qui donne un revenu annuel moyen inférieur à 5 millions de francs CFA.
Le pois d'angole est une légumineuse fourragère et vivrière dotée de propriétés anthelminthiques dues à ses métabolites secondaires. En vue de caractériser les teneurs en composés polyphénoliques de neuf variétés au cours des stades végétatifs, une étude a été menée. Les variétés ont été semées à raison de huit lignes par variété. Quatre lignes ont été fauchées trois mois après semis et quatre autres sont restées en l'état. Les polyphénols totaux (PT), les tanins totaux (TT) et les tanins condensés (TC) ont été déterminés dans les feuilles des plants fauchés et des plants non fauchés au cours du cycle végétatif. Les PT et les TT ont été déterminés par la méthode de Folin Ciocalteu et les TC, par la méthode HCl-butanol. Les teneurs en PT, TT et TCs, tout stade confondu ont varié, pour les plants non fauchés,
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the production and the quality of pigeon pea seeds produced on a ferrasol type sol. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 2x3x3 factorial set with three replications. A density of 20 000 plants ha -1 was used. The treatments were 0, 40, 80, units for phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (KCl). Treatment which received P80K80 fertilization had greater productivity (650 kg) but a low germination rate (30 %). The optimal dose (523 kg and 90 % germination rate) was obtained with P40K80, followed by P40K40 dose (516 kg and 82 % germination rate). Phosphorus and potassium had mutually acted and influenced positively the production and the quality of the seeds of C. cajan.
Objective: This study aims to characterize and to map vegetation cover in the mountainous region of Tonkpi in order to evaluate forest dynamics by remote sensing. Methodology and Results: This work relied on four satellite images of the scene 198-55 Landsat 4 TM 1990 from Landsat 7 ETM+ in 2000, Landsat 5 TM 2011 and Landsat 8 OLI-SHOTS 2015. Based on field data, classification was conducted using the maximum likelihood method in satellite images (OLI-SHOTS, ETM + and TM) in order to map vegetation from 1990 to 2015. These maps were superimposed to the Digital elevation model produced from an ASTER image in order to assess forest dynamics at altitude levels. The diachronic study of land use revealed a change in the landscape with a significant reduction of dense forest (-35.6%) and crop lands and fallow (-42.14%), and an increase of degraded forests (15.13%) and bare soil land and houses (10.46%). Moreover, high altitudes occupy a large proportion (37.7%) of the landscape (12,284 km 2 ), followed by medium altitudes (34.6%), and low altitudes (27.7%). Concerning bare soil and homes, there is a large increase of the area at low altitudes (88, 96%) while concerning crops and fallow, the area reduction was more pronounced at high altitudes ( -53.64%). The medium European Scientific Journal May 2017 edition Vol.13, No.15 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 311 altitudes have the highest rate of increase (51.14%) in degraded forests, and the highest decrease (-43.25%) in the dense forests. Conclusion and Application: The study shows that high altitudes occupy the largest proportion of the total area of the region and a change in the landscape due to human activities. Based on the results, we recommend a spatio-temporal monitoring of the net erosion on the mountains in order to maintain its agricultural potential and fight effectively against erosion.
Water and fish samples were collected from selected rivers and lagoons from Côte d'Ivoire. Water samples were analyzed for their chemical characteristics and for the levels of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. Fish samples were analyzed for the presence of organochlorine pesticides. The values for pH and total hardness found indicate that these waters are suitable for drinking. The COD is higher in the south and urban areas indicating an enrichment in organic matter due to agricultural and industrial activities. Only two metals, zinc and copper were detected at very low levels (ranges of values). The levels of organochlorine pesticides detected in water and fish samples were below the extraneous residue limits (ERL) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) set by the FAO/WHO codex alimentarius commission. The levels found are higher in the south and around urban areas. These findings [correction of finding] indicate that agriculture and industrial activities are the most important source of surface water contamination by xenobiotics.
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