This study is designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Celosia trigyna against xanthine oxidase. Total flavonoid, phenol, vitamin C were evaluated using standard methods and inhibitory activity of Celosia trigyna extract on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in vitro and chelating properties of extract against Iron (II) were also carried out. The results showed that the extract contained high content of flavonoids, phenolic acid and vitamin C that are beneficial to health. The extract inhibited XO in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also chelated Fe2+ in a dose-dependent manner. Celosia trigyna extract could be a promising nutraceutical for preventing and managing hyperuricaemia due to its ability to inhibit XO; this activity is attributed to the combined effect of its phytochemicals and chelating properties.
Medicinal plants have been shown to affect the stability of the erythrocyte membrane. Dissotis rotundifolia leaves have been used in Nigeria to treat certain diseased conditions not minding the effect on the erythrocyte membrane. The aimed of this work is to investigate the impact ethanolic extract of Dissotis rotundifolia leaves have on wistar rat erythrocyte membrane. Twenty-five adult wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups administered 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/100 g body weight. Erythrocytes osmotic fragility was determined by measuring the release of haemoglobin from blood added to tubes containing serially diluted phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The results of mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) showed non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease for 50 and 100 mg/100 g body weight doses, while 150 and 200 mg/100 g body weight doses showed non-significant (p > 0.05) increase. The erythrocytes were stabilized by 50, 100 and 150 mg/100 g body weight, while 200 mg/100 g body weight destabilized the erythrocyte membrane. Also, 200 mg/100 g body weight dose showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. At relatively high doses, Dissotis rotundifolia may induce oxidative stress causing significant levels of MDA production resulting in alteration of the chemical and structural composition of the membrane. In conclusion Dissotis rotundifolia at low doses may be useful in maintaining the erythrocyte by stabilizing the membrane, whereas high doses destabilize the membrane and compromise membrane integrity.
Rhodanese, a cyanide detoxifying enzyme was extracted from the liver of Synodontis schall and its characteristics investigated. Crude enzyme preparation was prepared and the enzyme was assayed by measuring the activity of rhodanese in RU min-1 mg-1. The results revealed that rhodanese extracted from Synodontis schall liver had km values for Na2S2O3 and KCN were 12.23mM±1.36 and 8.45mM±1.05 respectively. The enzyme had higher affinity for KCN than Na2S2O3. Dithio oxiamide, 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium metabisulfite were not capable of replacing Na2S2O3 as sulfur donors. Na2S2O3 had the highest relative activity followed by ammonium sulphate. Synodontis schall liver rhodanese had optimum activity at pH 8.0 and 45ºC. Relative activities of cations tested showed that none had any significant effect on Synodontis schall liver rhodanese. Rhodanese present in the liver of Synodontis schall had properties similar to those from other sources.
The cyanide detoxifying enzyme, rhodanese was extracted from Synodontis schall gills and some physicochemical properties investigated. Activity of the enzyme preparation was assayed by measuring the activity of rhodanese in RU min-1 mg-1. The results revealed that Synodontis schall gills rhodanese had km values for KCN and Na2S2O3 as 22.73±4.12 and 16.67±5.31 respectively. The enzyme had higher affinity for Na2S2O3. Only ammonium sulphate displayed possible sulfur donating property but was less effective than thiosulphate. Synodontis schall gills rhodanese displayed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 35֠ºC. Synodontis schall gills rhodanese was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by PbCl2, BaCl2 and HgCl2 in a concentration dependent manner. Gills rhodanese of Synodontis schall was similar in properties to rhodanese extracted from other sources.
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