Background: Cervical ribs are congenital variants that are known to cause thoracic outlet syndrome or brachial plexopathy in up to 10% of the affected individuals. Cervical ribs are an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet. Previous studies have shown the prevalence of cervical ribs to be between 0.05-3%, depending on the sex and race of the population studied. Objective:The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of cervical rib in Urhobo's as well as its relation to gender. Materials and method: This study examined 500 (245 males and 255females) cervical spine radiographs to determine the prevalence of cervical ribs in a Nigeria population of mixed sex and ethnicity. Results: This study found three cervical ribs, one of which was bilateral and two unilateral. The overall prevalence of cervical ribs was 0.6% (3/500) of the population with a higher rate in females 0.78% (2/255) compared with males 0.4% (1/245). Of the 3 individuals with a cervical rib, one was on the left, one occurred on the right and the last was bilateral. Conclusion:cervical rib can however, be highly significant clinically, with patients presenting with symptoms of neurovascular compromised due to compression on the neurovascular bundle. It is therefore recommended that in differential diagnosis of pain syndromes of the neck, the possibility of cervical rib should not be ruled out.
This study investigated Variation in cerumen type, tongue rolling and tongue folding abilities of the Esan people of Southern Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey investigated 400 volunteered adult subjects (176 males and 224 females) between the ages of 18 and 60 whose parents and grandparents were of Esan ethnicity. The tongue and ear wax type were observed and examined physically thus classifying subjects into rollers/none-rollers, folders/none-folders and dry or wet cerumen type. Results indicates that tongue rollers (72.9%) were more than non-rollers (27.3%), in the same vein, tongue folders (68.3%) were also more than non-folders (31.7%) in the studied population. A larger percentage of the population also had wet ear wax (65%) while (35%) had dry ear wax. The chisquared analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) between those who can roll their tongue and those who cannot, those that could fold their tongue and those who cannot as well as between those with wet ear wax and dry ear wax. This study therefore provides data on the distribution of tongue rollers, tongue folders as well as variability in cerumen type. This data can be of importance to the anthropologist and forensic investigators.Keywords: Variation, Genetics, Inheritance, tongue rolling, tongue folding, cerumen type
Background: Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) artificial testosterone in the steroid forum is of significant effect essential in clinical settings for the treatment of chronic diseases. Its mechanism of action is apparent by binding to receptor complexes such as hormones producing anabolic and androgenic effects. Objectives: To research the effects of ND on the reproductive system of Adult Wistar rats as well as on the voice of female Wistar rats exposed to the physical and non-physical activity. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 models (6 males, 6 females) received 5mg/kg BW of Deca Durabolin base on their weight indicating a normal dose once a week for four weeks. The Active models were subjected to aerobic swimming as the physical activity. Results: Female voice sounds decrease progressively from a sharp whistle-like sound to blunt and finally dull sounds. Also, the histological analysis revealed that the inactive males were with reduced spermatogenic activities, hyperplasia of the interstitial cell of Leydig with congested blood vessels in the testis while the inactive female analysis revealed foci of congestion around the cortical and medullary regions of the ovary. The histological analysis of the active males revealed reduced germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, sloughing of the germinal epithelium and interstitial edema of the testis, while the ovary revealed well-defined blood vessels within the medulla and medullary congestion. Conclusion: Administrationof Nandrolone Decanoate was associated with deleterious effects on active and inactive models on the testis, ovaries,and, voice.
Objective: Both tattoo and body piercing have a long history and are well known in various cultures in African, American, Asia, and Oceania. Although the appearance of the two varies geographically, they always possess a specific meaning for a particular culture. This study examined awareness, attitude, and knowledge of students towards tattooing and body piercing in Delta State University, Abraka. Nigeria.Material and Methods: Data was collected through the use of well-structured questionnaires. The study made use of 400 young adults randomly selected from six faculties in Delta State University, Abraka.Result and Discussion: Findings revealed that the majority of students (85%) are aware of tattoo and body piercing and 31.3% gave fashion as the main reason why they engage in body modifications. It was however observed that 40% of the subjects under survey regard their colleagues involved in tattooing and body piercing as irresponsible and reckless.Conclusion: The study gave a growing convergence on both gender toward tattooing and a sharp difference in the involvement of both gender towards body piercing. Majority of these young adult are also aware of the health risks associated with body modifications and may not consider them in future.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 01 January’22 Page: 24-29
Introduction There is relatively scanty data on the anthropometric study of the foramen spinosum in Nigeria and therefore due to the great surgical and diagnostic importance in procedures like percutaneous trigeminal rizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia and transfacial fine needle aspiration technique. Aim This cross‐sectional study aim to investigate the variation in the right and left length and width of the foramen spinosum. Method A sample of seventy (70) Adult dry human skulls were investigated in this study. The skulls were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, and the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Benin. The foramen spinosum was observed from the extracranial view of the skull base. The types of foramen spinosum was noted as per the classification given by Anju such as round, oval, irregular and pin‐hole shapes. Anatomic variations of the foramen were also noted. The Oblique measures were recorded for the foramen spinosum, classifying length as anteroposterior diameter and width as transverse diameter using a digital camera. Results showed that majority of the right 57(81.4%) and left 56(80.0%) foramen spinosum were round. The mean value of right and left length of foramen spinosum was 24.01±2.34 and left length of foramen spinosum was 20.10±1.13 respectively and the mean value of right and left width of foramen spinosum was 32.19±1.67 and left width of foramen spinosum was 29.25±1.10 respectively. Conclusion From these findings, it can be concluded that the most prevalent shape of foramen spinosum was seen to be round while oval was seen in little percentage with absence of the pin hole shaped foramen spinosum. The right length of foramen spinosum was larger compared to the left length of foramen spinosum and this was statistically significant with p‐value (0.004). Support or Funding Information NIL Table 3, The mean value of right and left length of foramen spinosum was 24.01±2.34 and left length of foramen spinosum was 20.10±1.13 respectively. Table 4, The mean value of right and left width of foramen spinosum was 32.19±1.67 and left width of foramen spinosum was 29.25±1.10 respectively. Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of shapes of left foramen spinosum. Majority of the left foramen spinosum were round, 56(80.0%). Frequency distribution of shapes of right foramen spinosum Right foramen spinosum shape Observed Expected Round 57 81.4 Oval 12 17.1 Irregular 1 1.4 Total 70 100.0 Frequency distribution of shapes of left foramen spinosum Left foramen spinosum shape Observed Expected Round 56 80.0 Oval 12 17.1 Irregular 2 2.9 Total 70 100.0 Descriptive statistics of the right and left length of foramen spinosum Parameters Mean Std. Dev. Min. Stat. Max Stat. Right length of foramen spinosum 24.01 2.34 20.19 28.81 Left length of foramen spinosum 20.10 1.13 17.97 22.55 Descriptive statistics of the light and left width of foramen spinosum Parameters Mean Std. Dev. Min. Stat. Max Stat. Right widt...
Background: During the formation of the limbs, a simultaneous production of androgens occurs. It has also been noticed that when genetic process is inhibited, it can lead to complications affecting the limbs. It is therefore believed that testosterone influences the development of the limbs. Aim: This study therefore looked at the association between second toe length and androgen linked behaviours. Materials and Method: Three hundred (166 males and 134 females) subjects who were students of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka aged 18 and above, were selected using the cross-sectional descriptive study design. Second toe length was observed, standardize questionnaire on handedness, competition and aggregation was administered to students. Data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: This study established a significant association between 2nd toe length and some androgen linked behaviours. Significant association between subjects with longer 2nd toe and competitiveness was observed (p<0.05) as well as aggressive behavior. Conclusion: From this study, it was deduced that androgens influence 2nd toe length and 2nd toe length also influences androgen linked behaviours such as competition and aggression. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.779-789
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