Do you need to know what signal type to select for a wireless application? Quickly develop a useful expertise in digital modulation with this practical guide, based on the author's experience of over 30 years in industrial design. You will understand the physical meaning behind the mathematics of wireless signals and learn the intricacies and tradeoffs in signal selection and design. Six modulation families and 12 modulation types are covered in depth, together with a quantitative ranking of relative cost incurred to implement any of 12 modulation types. Extensive discussions of the Shannon Limit, Nyquist filtering, efficiency measures and signal-to-noise measures are provided, radio wave propagation and antennas, multiple access techniques, and signal coding principles are all covered, and spread spectrum and wireless system operation requirements are presented.
Abshoct-High-power klystrons, coqpled-cavity traveling-wave tubes (TWT's), and hybrid tabes, all of which utilize the microwave cavity as the basic circuit element, are described These amplifiers are used in communications, radars, electronic countermeasures, and other applications at power levels from a f e w hondred watts to megawatts, at frequencies from dtmhigh frequency on up, and are particularly suited for high average powers. High gain, 30 to 60 dB, is normally achieved, and bandwidth usually lies m the 1-*percent range. Elementary theory of operation is desaibed, together with design considerations and systems interface information. Typical tube designs and data are presented. Recent developments are disprovements in bandwidth, periodic focusing, and beam control electrodes. Most of the basic design techniques are well developed, and emphasis is being shifted to improvements m the detailed performance characteristics such as gain and pbase response ripples, noise, and the sensitivities to operating voltages and currents.
cossed, including h i g techniques ( t o 75 percent), im-All linear-beam tubes consist of a n electron gun and focusing structure used to generate a long cylindrical electron beam, an RF structure which provides gain and power output by interaction with the beam, and a collector where the unused beam energy is converted to heat. Tubes differ one from another principally in the characteristics of the interaction circuit. Its function may be described by the interaction impedance it presents to the beam as shown in Fig.
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