An approach that enables up to a two order of magnitude reduction in the amount of protein required and a tenfold reduction in the amount of time required for vapor-diffusion protein crystallization is reported. A prototype high-throughput automated system was used for the production of diffractionquality crystals for a variety of proteins from a screen of 480 conditions using drop volumes as small as 20 nL. This approach results in a signi®cant reduction in the time and cost of protein structure determination, and allows for larger and more ef®cient screens of crystallization parameter space. The ability to produce diffraction-quality crystals rapidly with minimal quantities of protein enables high-throughput efforts in structural genomics and structure-based drug discovery.

High-throughput data collection for macromolecular crystallography requires an automated sample mounting and alignment system for cryo-protected crystals that functions reliably when integrated into protein-crystallography beamlines at synchrotrons. Rapid mounting and dismounting of the samples increases the efficiency of the crystal screening and data collection processes, where many crystals can be tested for the quality of diffraction. The sample-mounting subsystem has random access to 112 samples, stored under liquid nitrogen. Results of extensive tests regarding the performance and reliability of the system are presented. To further increase throughput, we have also developed a sample transport/storage system based on "puck-shaped" cassettes, which can hold sixteen samples each. Seven cassettes fit into a standard dry shipping Dewar. The capabilities of a robotic crystal mounting and alignment system with instrumentation control software and a relational database allows for automated screening and data collection to be developed.

A new simple and low cost scattered transmission accessory for commercial double beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 4288 (1997); 10.1063/1.1148344 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitationnew. We have developed an on-the-fly scanning spectrometer operating in the UV-visible and near-infrared that can simultaneously perform transmission and total reflectance measurements at the rate better than 1 sample per second. High throughput optical characterization is important for screening functional materials for a variety of new applications. We demonstrate the utility of the instrument for screening new light absorber materials by measuring the spectral absorbance, which is subsequently used for deriving band gap information through Tauc plot analysis. C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100 % silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2, 3] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.

Considerable research and development efforts are being devoted to the efficient generation of solar fuels. A solar fuels device couples a solar photoabsorber with catalysts to convert solar energy to chemical energy via reactions such as oxygen evolution (water splitting). Widespread deployment of this technology hinges upon discovery of new materials through efforts such as the high throughput screening of oxygen evolution catalysts, as discussed in this manuscript. We derive an expression for the efficiency of the oxygen evolution catalyst that combines catalytic and optical properties. Using this hybrid efficiency, we screen 5456 samples in a (Fe-Co-Ni-Ti)O x pseudo-quaternary catalyst library using automated, high throughput electrochemical and optical experiments. The observed compositional trends in this catalyst efficiency lead to the discovery of a new high performance composition region. 1,2 The widespread deployment of this technology requires a device fabricated with high-performance, robust materials made from earth-abundant elements. 3 The realization of this device relies on the discovery of new materials, prompting an aggressive high-throughput materials discovery effort within the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP, http://solarfuelshub.org/). This effort includes searches for new photoanodes, photocathodes, and catalysts for several solar fuels reactions, of which the oxygen evolution catalyst is discussed in this manuscript.One established solar fuel generator concept combines a solar photoabsorber with an optically inactive heterogeneous catalyst to evolve oxygen (water splitting). 3,4 That is, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is mediated by a "dark" catalyst that is coupled to a photoabsorber, which provides the required potential and current for the electrocatalytic reaction through the photovoltaic effect. This anodic reaction balances a fuel-producing cathodic reaction such as hydrogen evolution or CO 2 reduction. Variations within this solar fuel design concept include the use of a tandem absorber containing a coupled photoanode and photocathode instead of a single photoabsorber [5][6][7] or the use of a homogeneous OER catalyst instead of the heterogeneous catalyst. 3,[8][9][10][11] Homogeneous catalysts are not considered in this manuscript, and the general discussion of optimizing the OER catalyst is applicable to any photoabsorber device. Our primary assumptions concerning device architecture are that the OER catalyst coats the photoanode and this anode is exposed to solar illumination. These assumptions are based upon a tandem photoabsorber system in which the photoanode is the top cell and has a larger bandgap than the photocathode.While heterogeneous catalysts are used in a variety of technologies, the OER catalyst in this solar application has a special optical performance requirement. Since the solar radiation impinges the catalyst before reaching the photoabsorber, the catalyst layer must be sufficiently transparent. Since the optical properties of the electroc...