Статья посвящена обсуждению феномена профессиональности родителя в сфере семейного устройства. Производится обзор отечественной и зарубеж-ной литературы на тему психолого-социальных различий и особенностей принимающих семей в зависимости от формы семейного устройства. Ана-лизируется актуальность потребности в профессионализации принимающих семей как в зарубежных странах, так и в России, описывается динамика из-менений идентичности и мотивации к принятию детей в сообществе при-нимающих семей в течение нескольких десятилетий. Обозначается проблема несоответствия юридической формы семейного устройства и психологиче-ских установок родителей, а также несогласованности в требованиях к про-фессиональным родителям со стороны общества. На основе анализа зарубеж-ной литературы и отечественного опыта авторами предлагаются критерии и характеристики профессиональной принимающей семьи, по сравнению с семьями, имеющими усыновительские тенденции в построении детско-ро-дительских отношений. Обозначается перспектива дифференциации путей сопровождения принимающих семей, в зависимости от уровня профессио-нализации, а также развития социальной поддержки таких семей, расшире-ния возможностей сообщества принимающих родителей в выполнении но-вых функций (устройство детей с особенностями развития, подбор семьи для ребенка, временное размещение детей). Ключевые слова: семейное устройство, усыновление, приемная семья, при-нимающая семья, профессиональная позиция принимающей семьи.В последнее десятилетие в России активно проводится политика укрепления сферы семейного устройства детей, оставшихся без роди-тельской заботы. Отечественный и мировой опыт исследований за мно-гие годы доказал негативное влияние институционального воспитания на психическое развитие ребенка и констатировал преимущества се-мейных форм воспитания детей [Боулби, 2003; Бриш, 2012; Прихожан, Толстых, 2005]. Однако традиционные формы принятия ребенка (усы-новление, безвозмездная опека) не могут решить проблему сиротства в России: большое количество детей по-прежнему остаются в учрежде-
IntroductionNon-compliance is a common problem in diabetes despite of the potentially drastic consequences. The study of the factors of compliance in adolescents with diabetes is not only important due to the possible practical implementations in health care, but also may be threated as a model for understanding the age-specific aspects of compliance behaviours.ObjectivesThe study was aimed to evaluate various, primary family-related, factors contributing to compliance behaviour.MethodsParticipants: 71 adolescents (f=44, m=27, age: 13-17) with diabetes mellitus type 1, without insulin pump usage, and their mothers. Instruments: compliance was accessed with MMAS and “Degree of compliance” (for 15-17-olders only) scales. Paternal attitudes were assessed by (1) ADOR questionnaire, yielding scores for: Positive interest, directiveness, hostility, autonomy, inconsistency; (2) Family anxiety analysis questionnaire, with scales: guilt, anxiety, tension. Illness attitudes were assessed with the Concerns of the illness progression model questionnaire. Interview data were used to assess such variables as duration of illness, frequency of therapist consultations y etc.ResultsStepwise regression analysis suggested the best model for compliance being predicted (R2=.203) by family anxiety (beta=-.406, p<.001), duration of illness (beta=-.218, p<.05) and frequency of consultations (beta=.0212, p<.05). For 15-17-olders only compliance was better predicted (R2=.499) by concerns about illness (beta=.876, p<.001), distraction copings (beta=.501, p=0.001), negative thinking (beta=-.421, p<0.02) and frequency of consultations (beta=.274, p<.05).ConclusionsLow family anxiety, shorter duration, and more frequent contacts with therapist, as well as productive copings, absence of frequent negative thoughts and fantasies about illness contribute to compliance. Negative emotions hamper compliance instead of fostering it.
Introduction Both theoretical conceptualizations (M.&E. Laufers, E. Furman, J. Maltsberger, etc. ) and empirical studies (I. Orbach) suggest an important role body image plays in the dynamics of adolescent suicidal attempts. Objectives To study the relationships between body image vulnerability and attachment attitudes concerning early care and current relationships. Methods Participants were 100 adolescents with suicidal behavior (46 with suicidal ideation only, 54 with suicide attempts) compared to 100 controls (12-17 years). Body attitudes were assessed with Body Investment Scale (BIS), perceived early care was assessed by Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), current attachments experiences were assessed with Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Results Adolescents with suicidal manifestations scored significantly lower on BIS Body Care (p<.001) , but higher on Comfort with Touch scales (p=.05). They did not differ significantly on Body Image and Body Protection scales. With regard to perceived early care, suicidal adolescents did score lower on all Care and Control PBI scales, in both paternal and maternal forms. For current attachments suicidal adolescents scored lower on Confidence (p<.001) and higher on Approval Need (p<0.05) ASQ scales. Correlation analysis suggests, for both groups, stronger relationships of body attitude dimensions to current relationships than to perceived parental care, the former being more marked in clinical group, with Body Image scale being related to all ASQ scales ranging from r=-.32 to r=-.63. Conclusions In current study only weaker tendency to care for body in suicidal adolescents was noted. However, in suicidal group the relationship between body image vulnerability and negative experiences of current attachments was stronger. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Introduction Many studies point to cognitive beliefs, attitudes and other psychologicalt traits involved in particularities of reactions to pandemic situation, but the differences in life events are often overlooked. Objectives A study of subjective evaluation of life events during the pandemics. Methods The modified Lifeline technique was used to elicit life events. In semistructured interview, using a timeline, subjects were asked to indicate and describe events that had an impact on their attitudes, behaviors and feelings since the start of pandemic. Then they evaluated with direct assessment scales each event as to what extent it was anxious, difficult to cope, changed the beliefs concerning COVID-19, fostered the changes of behavior and habits, and led to reappraisal of own values. The events were coded using dichotomous categories: COVID-related vs directly unrelated, universal vs individual, personally involved vs noninvolved, and also were further qualitatively evaluated. 25 young Azerbaijani residents took part in the study. Results From 191 events named, 72% were COVID-related, 62% - universal, 62% - with personal involvement. 46% of events were unique (mentioned once). Universal events were more likely to be assessed as anxiogenic, while personal ones as leading to rethink own values and priorities (U, p<.01 and p<.05). Surprisingly, life events in total were assessed as less challenging the beliefs about pandemics while more frequently leading to rethink own values (T, p<.05). Individual events involved more conflict meanings and implications. Conclusions Lifeline technique may provide important insights on the impact of life events in complex social transitions and may be used in counseling. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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