Simmental breed of cattle has a unique origin and is characterized by high plasticity and versatility, thanks to which it is widely distributed in many countries around the world. The reasons for the insuffi cient dairy productivity of cows in the farms of the Altai Republic such as the absence of their own breeding base since 2012, unbalanced feeding during the stall period, due to the low quality of bulky feed and a shortage of their own feed grain at high market prices for it. Therefore, it is obvious the relevance of studying the usefulness of feeding cows of the dairy herd of Simmental breed under the conditions of the Altai Republic and the development of targeted feed additives that contribute to a more complete realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the ration, contributing to the production of organic dairy products with increased biological value and optimal technological characteristics. The purpose of the work was to study the productivity traits of Simmental breed cows in the period of increasing the milk yield when feeding activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it. As a result of the use of activated fermented sea buckthorn oil cake and a feed additive based on it in feeding cows for 50 days of lactation, due to an increase in milk productivity and the percentage of fat and protein in milk, additional profit was obtained per 1 cow in the 1st experimental group of 1277,5 rubles and in the 2nd experimental group – 3064,5 rubles. The results obtained prove the eff ectiveness of the use of activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it in the rations of cows Simmental breed.
In the article, the authors present data on the development parameters of replacement heifers, milk productivity, reproduction rates, and economic longevity of Simmental cows of domestic and foreign selection in the farms of the mountainous regions of the Altai Republic and the Altai Territory. For the first time, the authors determined the efficiency of breed use (EIP) according to the method of M.A. Svyazhenina (2012) and proposed to supplement this method with an indicator of the age of insemination of heifers. In all the herds studied, the authors note the optimal indicators of herd reproduction, which indicates the high adaptability of animals of these genotypes to extreme natural and climatic conditions. The productive longevity of cows of domestic selection is significantly higher (p<0.05) - by 53.5-96.0% than in animals of German-Austrian origin. In the mountainous regions of Altai, the use of cows of the Simmental breed of the German-Austrian selection is effective mainly due to their higher milk productivity. According to the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation - 5165.1 kg, full-aged cows of German-Austrian origin in the farm “Fokin” significantly (p <0.05) surpassed their peers of domestic selection by - 36.4-71.3%, the efficiency of using the breed in this farm amounted to 0.963. The efficiency of the use of the breed in the “OS “AESH” with an average milk yield per lactation of 3446.7 kg is also high - 0.925 due to the indices of economic longevity and reproductive ability. The average efficiency index was obtained in the Agricultural Production Cooperative Breeding Stud (APCBS) “Amursky” - 0.882 and Federal State Budgetary Institution “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - 0.828. In the APCBS “Amursky” the decrease in the efficiency of the use of the breed was affected by the insufficient milk productivity of cows, and in the “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - the late age of insemination of heifers, an extended service period and an insufficient period of economic use of animals.
The article provides data review of relevant publications, presenting issue of current state of the dairy cattle breeding in Western Europe and Mountain Altai. The intensification of milk production and milk quota abolition weaken milk from mountain farms with regard to direct competition with milk produced on the plains. The consequence is the declining number of mountain farms in the Alps that has negative influence on the ecological and economic situation. There are difficulties in promotion dairy products in the market despite the fact that dairy products are produced in the mountains from grazing cows and have an increased biological value in human nutrition. As a mountain region, Altai Republic has dairy cattle breeding that developed successfully throughout the XX century similar to Swiss concept. However, in recent years the industry is also in crisis due to the low animal productivity and the high costs of fodder production and purchase. The article describes some ways to increase economic efficiency of the industry in the region, considering foreign experience and local specifics.
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