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One of the methods of initial properties of solid fuels changing by their organic mass oxidation is considered in the paper. Creation of innovative ways of intensification of existing solid fuels processing and their adoption by industry has always been and remains an actual task. Thus the chemical process is the most important stage of raw materials processing into target products. Chemical exposure allows to optimize the technological mode, expanding the scope of control of technological process parameters and, to a certain extent, modify the properties of the resulting products. The article presents the results of experimental research of influence of preliminary oxidation on the lignite organic mass from Kharanorsk and Kangalas deposits by different chemical reagents to determine a degree of this process impact on the efficiency of their processing into humic substances. Inorganic and organic oxidizers of different concentrations were used as reagents. The greatest effect for increasing the humic acids yield was observed when using 6-10 % hydrogen peroxide for oxidation, and 10 % hydrochloric acid. The results of experiments on the coal preoxidation effect can be used as a basis for the development of a new method of lignites processing into humic substances.

The article presents the research of absorbent qualities of carbon materials generated by an alkali activation of lignite from the Kharanorsk deposit. The mass ratio of potassium hydroxide/lignite RKOH=1 g/g under thermal impact and further thermolysis for 60 min at 800 °C allowed to create samples with almost 100% iodine absorbent activity (1000 mg/g). In order to improve economic and environmental performance of absorbent production with lignite activation by potassium hydroxide, the research explored qualitative characteristics of absorbents generated with RPH< 1 g/g: 0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 g/g. It has been established that if the ratio of KOH/lignite is lowered to 1.0-0.25 g/g, the absorbent activity for iodine reduces without any significant impact on the output of the product. The iodine adsorption activity for generated carbon materials at RPH< 1 g/g meets the requirements for this indicator of industrially produced activated carbons that are in demand in the market. To generate absorbents from Kharanorsk lignite with iodine adsorption activity not less than 40%, the recommended ratio of KOH/lignite RKOH=0.25 g/g and the duration of isothermal exposure is t=30 min; NTL 80 % - RKOH=0.5 g/g and t=30 min; NLT 90 % - RKOH=1,0 g/g and t=30-60 min.

Статья посвящена вопросам установления связи между структурой и свойствами углей, что является актуальной проблемой углехимии. Физико-химические свойства ископаемых углей определяются свойствами его органической массы. Изучение строения и структуры углей необходимо не только для того, чтобы знать, как их использовать и во что перерабатывать, но и для того, чтобы знать, как перерабатывать угли, какие условия переработки задавать для конкретных технологических процессов. Изучение строения и структуры угля необходимо не только для определения направлений его использования и переработки, но и для установления этапов, реагентов и наиболее рациональных режимных параметров технологического процесса переработки сырья в определенный готовый продукт. Показано, что такая характеристика, как «молекулярная масса» угля, достаточно хорошо отражает степень метаморфизма, а также является определяющей для изучения состава и строения угольного сырья. Приведены методики расчета молекулярной массы на 100 атомов углерода или на 100 атомов органической массы угля, что зависит от принятой к рассмотрению среднестатистической структурной единицы. Для обширной базы бурых и каменных углей России различных марок, а также для антрацита, древесины и торфа определен исследуемый показатель, и расчет показал, что молекулярная масса среднестатистической структурной единицы, содержащей 100 атомов углерода, при переходе от низких к высоким стадиям метаморфизма монотонно снижается. По результатом расчетов наглядно показано, что молекулярная масса на 100 атомов углерода имеет меньший разброс на графике по сравнению с точками, отражающими молекулярную массу на 100 атомов органической массы угля. В результате проведенной математической обработки данных была получена математическая модель, которая может являться рабочим теоретическим инструментом изучения структуры твердых горючих ископаемых, определения направлений и условий переработки угля при исследованиях углехимической направленности. Ключевые слова: твердые горючие ископаемые, уголь, строение угля, органическая масса углей, молекулярная масса, углерод, структурные показатели

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The article considers the study of the patterns of changes in the properties of coals in the metamorphism series and the identification of structural and chemical parameters that allow not only to correctly describe them, but also to use them as an express method of assessment. It is known that physical processes such as adhesion and cohesion play an important role in the processes of coal processing, since the adhesion of dissimilar or homogeneous particles brought into contact is due to intermolecular interaction. Determination of adhesive and cohesive properties of various substances, including solid fossil fuels, is not standardized in hardware. The total dipole moment is one of the indicators characterizing the intermolecular interaction. A method for calculating the total dipole moment based on an additive approach is presented. The calculated values of the total dipole moment of the organic mass of solid fossil fuels in the series “brown coal - hard coal - anthracite” showed a high correlation with the reflectance of vitrinite. As a result of mathematical data processing, equations were obtained for calculating the total dipole moment for brown and hard coals. The application of the equations obtained based on statistical processing of a large database and the calculation according to the proposed method can be used in calculating the parameters of such coal processing processes as briquetting, extraction, flotation, etc.

This article studies the possibility of intensification of Kharanorskoe deposit brown coal alkaline activation by way of electromagnetic microwave radiation (EMR) exposure in order to obtain sorbents. There is data that presents investigation of qualitative and adsorption properties of sorbents obtained from 0-2 mm brown coal samples impregnated with potassium hydroxide at a KOH / coal of 1 g / g weight ratio and subjected to thermolysis at 800 °C in the thermal shock mode. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of three options for thermal treatment of the coal-alkali mixture ahead of thermolysis: coalalkali mixture drying to indiscrete mass, EMR treatment and combination of ones. The design of a laboratory microwave oven for heat treatment of raw materials based on the use of EMR at a frequency of 2,450 MHz is presented. It was found out that the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.450 MHz makes it possible to increase the adsorption activity on iodine by 4-6%, reaching a value of 97%, to significantly shorten the time of preliminary heat treatment of the coalalkali mixture and to shorten the thermolysis time when sorbents obtain.

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