The thermal conversion of solid fuel is considered (for the example of biomass), with assessment of the yield of volatiles and coke residue. The optimal temperature range for its pyrolysis (the range corresponding to maximum heat of combustion of the gases per unit mass of the initial product) is identified. The influence of steam and air flow rates on the gasification products is studied. A system for the generation of thermal and elec trical energy in the steam-gas cycle is proposed, with a biomass gasification unit. The energy loads of a popula tion center are calculated, with engineering and economic assessment of the steam-gas cycle. Biomass based cycles are compared, from the perspective of the energy efficiency of a cogeneration system.
The economic security of Russia’s regions has been the focus of numerous studies. Significant contributions have been made to relevant methodological approaches and measurement tools. However, economic security has been little studied in the context of border regions. In this article, we address the methodological problems of employing existing methods and models for measuring the economic security of border regions. We pay special attention to the development of an evaluation algorithm incorporating the border regions’ characteristics, the identification of groups (classes), a set of universal, specific, and special indicators as well as the impact of protective measures on economic security. To justify our proposals, we analyse the economic security of the Kaliningrad region; it is a study based on an evaluation of protective measures in the regional agricultural industry and of the effect of different factors on the generation of value added in the sector. We emphasise the need to take into account regional conditions when assessing economic security and to introduce economic and mathematical calculations into the relevant measurement algorithm at its different stages. We use our findings in providing a rationale for the central principles and procedures for creating a comprehensive model of the economic security of Russia’s western border regions.
Nowadays the development of the methodology for studying economic security of border regions is an emerging scientific issue. It is closely connected with the escalation of geopolitical turbulence. A change in Russia’s foreign policy and foreign economic relations with other countries produces an increase in potential and real threats and risks. The article describes and evaluates types of the regions of Russia’s western borderlands according to their economic security level in order to elucidate their peculiarities and establish a relation to the border factor. The experimental typology of the Russia’s western border regions was elaborated in 2000-2017 on the basis of estimated values of economic security integral indexes using the clustering method. Accelerated positive dynamics of changes in economic security has been found on general indicators related to the state support for regional infrastructure development and improvement of the socio-demographic situation. Such dynamics has not been found in the group of special indicators, which reflects specific features of ensuring economic security and take into account the influence of the border factor. Special attention is devoted to the correspondence of typologies of the border regions in terms of their socio-economic development and economic security.
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