Заболеваемость населения ЛЗН в 2015 г. на Северо-Американском континенте была следующей. В США, по данным Центра по контролю и предотвращению заболеваний США (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, http://www.cdc.gov/), на 17.11.2015 г. зарегистрировано 1812 случаев ЛЗН, из них 65 % с нейроинвазивной формой инфекции (в 2014 г.-1935 случаев, из них 59,4 %-нейроинвазивная ЛЗН) [5]. В Канаде в сезон 2015 г., по данным Агентства общественного здравоохранения (Public Health Agency of Canada, PHAC, http://www. publichealth.gc.ca), выявлено 78 с лучаев ЛЗН (в сезон 2014 г.-21) [6].
The trend towards an increase in the West Nile fever incidence among the population in the Russian Federation, recorded in the season of 2018, continued and led to a significant increase in the incidence in 2019 (the indicator was 2 times higher than the long-term average). The features of manifestations of the epidemiological process of WNF in 2019 were identified: early registration of cases of the disease, activation of natural and natural-anthropourgic foci in the Southern Federal District (90 % of the total incidence in the Russian Federation), an increase in the share of neuro-invasive forms, dominance of patients aged 50 and older in the structure of the incidence, late epidemic season ending. It was established that in the season of 2019, the lineage 2 of WNV circulated in the European part of Russia. In the Volgograd Region, simultaneous presence of the West Nile virus and Sindbis virus in mosquitoes Culex pipiens and Culex modestus was identified. It was shown that the most significant factors for predicting the epidemiological situation on West Nile fever in the Volgograd Region are the average seasonal summer air temperature and monthly average indicators of relative humidity in the spring and summer periods, and the average monthly air temperatures in the spring and summer in the Rostov Region. In the Astrakhan Region, a significant correlation dependence of the influence of the considered factors on the incidence of the population has not been established. The forecast of the development of epidemic situation in 2020 does not exclude a possible increase in the incidence in the territories of the European part of Russia, endemic for West Nile fever, and the occurrence of local outbreaks in individual constituent entities, if the complex of climatic conditions and social factors favorable for West Nile virus coincide.
During the epidemic season of 2012 453 cases of West Nile fever (WNF) were registered in the territory of the 21 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Epidemic process is spreading itself towards the northern regions of Russia. The presence of markers of West Nile fever virus in carriers and vectors of the disease as well as acquired immunity among the population against the West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in the territory of 53 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The epidemic process is characterized by a number of peculiarities concerning both its epidemiological and clinical aspects. With the intensification of diagnostic works among the patients with clinical symptomatology similar to WNF, first and foremost in the territories where WNV markers have been detected, prognosticated is the registration of WNF incidence among the population extending over a large area of the Russian Federation.
Эпидемическая ситуация по лихорадке Западного Нила в странах Европы в 2013 г. характеризовалась заметным подъемом заболеваемости, обусловленным, прежде всего, вспышкой ЛЗН в Сербии (302 случая). На североамериканском континенте-в США и Канаде, проявления ЛЗН в 2013 г. характеризовались более низкой интенсивностью, чем в предыдущем эпидемическом сезоне. В 2013 г. в России всего зарегистрировано 192 случая заболевания населения в 16 субъектах РФ, что значительно ниже предыдущего года (2012 г.-455 случаев). Установлено, что в эпидемический сезон 2013 г. на территории Волгоградской и Саратовской областей циркулировал 2-й генотип ВЗН, как и в Сербии, Греции, Италии, а в Астраханской области-генотип 1. За период наблюдения за эпидемической ситуацией на территории Российской Федерации в 1999-2013 гг., маркеры вируса ЗН выявлены в 61 субъекте РФ, что подтверждает потенциальную опасность инфицирования населения ЛЗН в эпидемический сезон на большей части территории страны. По данным Росгидромета, климатические условия на территории России в ближайшие 5-10 лет будут сохранять тенденцию к потеплению, что будет способствовать дальнейшему распространению ЛЗН на более северные территории.
Presented is characteristic of West Nile Fever (WNF) epidemiologic situation in the Russian Federation in 2011. Expansion of the territories involved in the epidemic process and formation of the new WNF foci are observed. Data on WNF morbidity in June-October 2011 in ten regions of Russia are presented. Described are clinical and epidemiologic peculiarities of WNF morbidity in 2011. WNF agent markers are detected in the territory of 38 regions of Russia, suggesting its circulation on the vast areas of the country. Prognosis on WNF epidemic situation in the Russian Federation is considered to be dependent on many factors, climate warming being the most global one. Natural foci emergence and WNF cases registration are expected in the near future in the central regions of European part of Russia and forest-steppe area of Southern Siberia. WNF diagnostics improvement is thought to confer for better registration of the cases and detection of further enlargement of endemic territories.
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