BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
The litter macrofauna of 8 plantations of Populus italica (Du Roi) Moench, P. deltoides Marsh. and P. alba L. was studied in the city of Dnipro. The invertebrates were taken by manual sifting of litter from experimental plots of 8 m 2 . The total number of litter macrofauna in the poplar plantations varied from 8 to 187 specimen/m 2 , on average 53 specimen/m 2 . The greatest variety of species was obtained from a white poplar plantation with common hop and an elm-poplar plantation with bare soil and Amorpha fruticosa L. bushes (15 and 9 species correspondingly). The maximum readings on the Shannon-Weaver diversity index come from the abovementioned areas (3.2 and 2.9 bits respectively). The highest number of zoophages (40%) was obtained from the white poplar plantation with common hop. There was great consistency in the species composition across the plots, with the same 60 species (more than 50% of the total number of species of litter macrofauna recorded in the study) being found in 7 out of the 8 study plots. The share of species rare for any given ecosystem exceeded 10% in only 2 out of the 8 plantations studied. The dominant group in the size structure of the litter macrofauna of the poplar plantations (44-96%) was invertebrates of 4-7 mm length. In 5 out of 8 poplar plantations no species over 15 mm in length were found. This indicates the degraded size structures of the litter macrofauna communities. In taxonomic structure the dominant groups were Formicidae, Pulmonata, Porcellionidae, Lygaeidae, Julidae, Silphidae, Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae. The results obtained indicate the low variety and degradation of the trophic and size structure of the litter macrofauna of these urban poplar plantations, which are subject to lack of moisture.
1 Институт аридных зон Южного научного центра РАН, ул. Чехова, 41, Ростов-на-Дону 344006 Россия 2 Донецкий национальный университет, биологический факультет, ул. Щорса, 46, Донецк 83050 ДНР 3 Ростовское отделение Pусского энтомологического общества, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия 3 Rostov branch of the Russian Entomological Society, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Ключевые слова: Aranei, фауна, Таганрогский залив, дельта Дона. Key words: Aranei, fauna, Taganrog Bay, delta of the Don River. Резюме. На побережье Таганрогского залива Азовского моря и в дельте Дона выявлено 350 видов пауков из 28 семейств. В дельте обнаружен 281 вид из 25 семейств, на побережье залива -246 видов из 25 семейств. Общность фауны дельты и побережья составляет 51%. В видовом отношении преобладают Linyphiidae (64 вида), причем большая часть видов этого семейства приурочена к дельте. Gnaphosidae (47 видов) и Salticidae (43 вида) распределены по побережью и в дельте более или менее равномерно. На долю этих трех семейств приходится 44% от всех зарегистрированных видов. Впервые в фауне России отмечается Baryphyma maritimum (Crocker et Parker, 1970). Новыми для фауны Ростовской области оказались Larinia jeskovi Marusik, 1986, Clubiona diversa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862, Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring, 1861), Pardosa femoralis Simon, 1876, Pulchellodromus ruficapillus (Simon, 1885), Pachygnatha clerckoides Wunderlich, 1985, Enoplognatha caricis (Fickert, 1876). Для вида Zelotes manytchensis (Ponomarev et Tsvetkov, 2006) установлена первоначальная комбинация Trachyzelotes manytchensis Ponomarev et Tsvetkov, 2006, comb. resurr.Abstract. This paper is a continuation of our publications on the spider fauna of coastal areas of dryland Ponto-Caspian region. We used the material collected in the coast of the Taganrog Bay (the Sea of Azov) on the territory of Donetsk Region (Mariupol, Novoazovskiy and Pershotravnevyi Districts) and Rostov Region (Taganrog, Azovskiy and Neklinovskiy Districts) as well as in the delta of the Don River -2015. In addition, the previous publications about the spider fauna of this part of the Ponto-Caspian region were critically reviewed. Three hundred fifty species of spiders from 28 families are registered on the Taganrog Bay coast (the Sea of Azov) and in the delta of the Don River; 281 species of 25 families were found in the delta and 246 species from 25 families were collected around Taganrog Bay. The faunal similarity of the delta and the coast is 51%. Linyphiidae is the most diverse family which includes 64 species distributed mainly in the delta. Gnaphosidae (47 species) and Salticidae (43 species) are uniformely distributed both on the sea coast and the Don River delta. These three families include 44% of all recorded species. Baryphyma maritimum (Crocker et Parker, 1970) is recorded for Russia for the first time.
The conception of ecomorphes as ecological groups of living organisms has been developed by A. L. Belgard (1950) applicable for species of the highest plants of the southeast of a steppe zone of Ukraine. Conceptually close system of vital forms-biomorphs of animals and plants has been created by Mikhail Pavlovich Akimov (Akimov, 1955). A key task of an ecomorphic approach is the ecological analysis of ecosystems structure. The ecomorphic approach has been applied to various groups of animals: entomological fauna of wood plants (Apostolov, 1981), complexes of land arthropods (Barsov, 1996), communities of birds (Ponomarenko, 2002), soil mesofauna (Zhukov, 1996), coleoptera communities agrocoenosis (Sumarokov, 2007). To identify animal species as ecomorphes the expert approach was used: the expert in taxonomy group relying on the experience and knowledge of object identifies it ecomorphes. The algorithm of ecomorphes allocation of soil animals has been offered by Zhukov (Zhukov, 2009). With some changes this algorithm has been applied to allocation of spider species of the Dnepropetrovsk region (Prokopenko et al., 2011). A lack of the specified algorithm is that it yields satisfactory results only for abundant and frequent species in regional fauna. The shortcoming reason – it relies on parametrical statistics for which compliance of experimental data to the normal law of distribution is essentially important that actually can be established only for limited number of species. As result, for a number rather rare in regional fauna of species of spiders incorrect conclusions have been drawn on their ecological status which is known on data from spiders of regions more studied from the point of view of fauna. In our work nonparametric procedure of a multidimensional scaling which is tolerant to a statistical property of distribution of an abundance of types has been taken for a basis of ecomorphic classification of herpetobiont spiders. It including has allowed to integrate the data collected by various authors in a wide time and spatial span for the general analysis. Faunistic collection also differed and by a technique: the sizes of the traps, fixing liquid, number of traps, an exposition time. It is necessary to consider these circumstances objective as ecological classification of regional fauna should be based on considerable on coverage in time and space a material which cannot be collected on completely uniform procedure. The multidimensional scaling represents adaptive ordination procedure which assumes a choice of the final decision proceeding, first of all, ecological criteria, instead of especially mathematical. Such adaptability is reached by comparison of ordination decisions with markers of an ecological situation which are received at the biogeocoenosis description of places of sampling. These descriptions are presented in terms of typology of biogeocoenosis of Belgard (1950, 1971): their coenotic status, and also assessment of a mode of a fertility and humidity. The key material is received within the Prisamarsky biospheric station of the Dnepropetrovsk national university where within a monitoring profile reference types of wood biogeocenoses of a steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. Primary data of ecological-faunistic researches are represented in the form of matrixes (tables) where columns are presented by a species, and lines – sampling points. Sampling points may be ecologically processed on the basis of biogeocoenosis descriptions. If to find nature of compliance between sampling points and species, it is possible to make interpretation of the ecological status of species, i.e. to reveal key ecological groups (ecomorphes) and to establish belonging of species to them. The multidimensional scaling allows to estimate within one metric space an arrangement as species, and sampling points. Co-ordinates of sampling points in dimention of a multidimensional scaling are used as predictor of ecological characteristics of the environment in these points. Applying the obtained regression models it is possible to estimates of optimum conditions for species if in these models to use as predictor co-ordinates of species in those dimention of a multidimensional scaling. Species which are characterised by similar optimum values of ecological factors form ecological groups, or ecomorphes. Respectively for spiders we allocate coenomorphes, hygromorphes, trophocoenomorphes.
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