The article presents the results of reagent purification of sewage from machine building industries from chromium (VI) ions. The relevance of research is connected with the expansion of the spectrum of effective reagents at the expense of the use of industrial wastes [1-3]. The component composition of abrasive waste formed from grinding of ferrous metals with a metal content of less than 50% is studied here. Conditions have been developed for the oxidation-reduction reactions necessary in the reagent purification of sewage from chromium (VI). It is shown that purification with an efficiency of more than 80% takes place within 60 minutes.
The article presents the research findings of processing kieselguhr sludge – a waste product of refined sunflower oil production, generated at winterization stage, when vegetable waxes, waxlike substances and other components, which crystallize at low temperatures and cause the oil turbidity, are removed. The resulting waste product is a slow stock of organomineral composition with organic matter content 65-70%. This sludge is virtually not recycled, but dumped at municipal solid waste disposal sites. This results in the environment pollution and non-recoverable losses of high-quality mineral stock and valuable organic components. It has been determined that after thermal modification of sludge waste the organic substances in it are partially oxidized with the formation of carbon layer on the surface of diatomite particles. The resulting product is a thermally modified kieselguhr sludge, which is characterized with mesoporous structure, high water repellency, and oil-receptivity and can be used as an adsorption material for purifying wastewaters from emulsified petroleum products in dynamic conditions. The secondary use of kieselguhr sludge would allow reducing the amounts of waste accumulation and improving the efficiency of raw material resources utilization.
The need for sewage purification of machine-building production from copper compounds which possess toxic, allergic, cancerogenic, gonadotropny and embryotoxic action, has been justified. The methods of studying of component and mineralogical composition of wastes, which are used for purification of model mortars, have been given. Some methods of purification of mortars from copper ions have been considered. The need for the search of alternative methods of purification, taking into consideration the composition and properties of the purified environments, and also taking into account the possible reset of purified sewage into natural reservoirs, has been shown. It has been revealed, that application of calcium- containingwaste as reagent won't help to additional alkalization of natural reservoirs. Prospects of use of regional industrial wastes for extraction of copper ions out of model mortarshave been shown. The mechanism of purification of model drains from copper ions by a combined reagent has been described.
The aim of this work is to establish the specific features of the adsorption capacity of thermally modified hazelnut shells with respect to Ni2+ ions at different temperatures. Titrimetric, spectrophotometric, atomic-adsorption methods of investigation, optical microscopy, X-ray analysis were used in the work. It is established that the sorption process is endothermic; the time for achieving sorption equilibrium reaches 40 minutes. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of obtaining new adsorbents using vegetable production waste. The article was prepared within development program of the Flagship Regional University on the basis of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, using equipment of High Technology Center at BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov.
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