The power plant resource efficiency is largely dependent on heat-resistant alloys and is limited by the standard turbine operating temperature, which is slightly greater than 1000°C. These temperature limits are dependent on the characteristics of the heat-resistant alloys used in power plants. The current research aimed to discover new heat-resistant alloys using computer-based models to simulate the various properties of such materials. The first-principle methods were initially used in this study. These methods can determine the most important properties of alloys with a high degree of accuracy. This study presented an overview of the software used for first-principle simulation. Using RuAl as the demonstration alloy in this study, we provided step-by-step instructions on how to effectively study the properties of the heat-resistant alloys. Using the first-principle methods, the phonon spectrum and density of the phonon states of B2 RuAl were assessed. We use the parameters of the phonon spectrum to calculate the Grüneisen constant, volume coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature, and temperature dependence of the heat capacity to estimate the melting temperature. Based on the RuAl alloy, the bulk moduli of the elasticity and equilibrium values of lattice parameters were calculated. The simulated results showed good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated parameters of RuAl were compared with those of the NiAl heat-resistant alloy. Using these results, we presented a method for selecting an alloy based on the replacement of ruthenium with nickel in the RuAl alloy. Selection was performed by analyzing the bulk modulus of elasticity and the electron structure of the Ru(Ni)Al alloy.
Relevance: Hypomagnetic conditions have undesirable effects concerning various fields of science and technology. In biology, they cause adverse circumstances, which affect the functioning of living organisms. However, humans experience hypomagnetic fields (HMF) during space exploration, through some branches of production, military objects, and community transport. On the other hand, various high-precision technologies must have or operate under a hypomagnetic field. Aims: We aimed to provide a critical analysis of several ways of preparing hypomagnetic field, differences between hypomagnetic chambers and Helmholtz coils, and review of thematic patents and articles available in the Russian Federation. Methods: We structured and analyzed modern achievements in HMF. Experimental studies on living organisms were evaluated because they show different technical conditions connected to the theme of the hypomagnetic field. Results: Based on this analysis, a new resource-effective technology, which reveals several concerns on the hypomagnetic field, was offered. This technology is essential to be used during preparations for space missions, which require products with special necessities in terms of effectiveness and reliability. Conclusion: We summarized and correlated the results of experiments with possible magnetic conditions, which can occur during space missions and in some military and civil applications. Protection strategies from hypomagnetic conditions were considered. Novel experiments regarding realistic conditions were suggested
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