Introduction.Two methods among five in regulatory documents of the Russian Federation can be interested for assessing the quality of traffic management by environmental indicators. Only such methods take into account the parameters of the traffic flow that affect the volume of emissions. The parameter influencing the results of calculations in both methods is an average motion speed. Moreover, there are areas on urban highways, where traffic moves unevenly (braking, dispersal, stopping). Therefore, such factor entails an increase in the volume of emissions from vehicles. At the same time, this uneven movement is largely due to the existing organization of traffic (TO) on certain elements of the street-road network (SRN). Accordingly, the method for calculating pollutant emissions to assess the quality of TO, which take into account the unevenness of traffic flow, should be developed.Materials and methods. The paper proposes to take into account the average speed of traffic in those parts, where the traffic flow moves stationary, and on the elements of the main traffic line, where the traffic flow is non-stationary, and to take into account additional emissions. Moreover, the additional emission from the traffic flow should be considered separately in the following cases: if the cars stop (there are deceleration modes, idling and acceleration) and in the situation, when cars decrease their speed (slowdown and acceleration).Results.As a result, the difference between calculations of carbon monoxide emissions by the proposed method and by the GOST methodology is 57%, and for emissions of nitrogen oxides is 94%.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed methodology allows accurately assessing the quality of the TO on the section of the urban highway and its individual elements on environmental indicators. In addition, the proposed methodology would allow carrying out calculations for the evaluation of road traffic projects and activities, which aim to reduce the harmful impact of traffic on the environment of the highway areas.
The paper gives the results of studies devoted to determining the degree of influence of the traffic flow on environmental situation near trunk road areas in Omsk. The research was conducted in accordance with the methodology presented in GOST R 56162-2014 [xx], which allows calculating the amount of pollutant emissions from a moving traffic flow. The results of studies are graphically represented. Graphics reflect the amount of emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere over a time interval of 20 minutes in Omsk highway sections with a length of 500 m. In addition, the authors made a suggestion to add the current methodology by the values of extra emissions of pollutants that take into account driving regimes of traffic flow in the urban highway section (acceleration, deceleration, idling). Traffic flow regimes can be significantly influenced by: technical means of traffic regulation, the location of street pedestrian crossings, the location of bus stops, street parking places and by the presence of areas intended for maneuvering (turning and turning around).
To assess the quality of road traffic organization on environmental indicators, two methods of five regulations operating in the Russian Federation, which take into account the parameters of traffic flow, affecting the volume of emissions Pollutants. The parameter that affects the results of calculations in both methods is the average speed of movement. In real-world conditions on urban highways there are areas where the traffic flow is uneven (braking, acceleration, stopping), which entails an increase in the amount of pollutants from vehicles. At the same time, this uneven traffic is largely due to the existing the road design and traffic engineering on certain elements of the road network. This is the basis for the development of a methodology for calculating pollutant emissions to assess the quality of the traffic engineering, taking into account the uneven flow of traffic.
The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies, as a result of which the impact of traffic organization on the level of air pollution from traffic flows was assessed. The studies were carried out on several sections of one segment of the city highway. The assessment of the state of atmospheric air pollution on a highway with heavy traffic (Mira Avenue, Omsk) was carried out on the basis of determining the content of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air, as one of the main components of the exhaust gases of the traffic flow. Calculations are graphically presented that confirm the unevenness of the amount of pollutant emissions by one passenger car that moves along a segment of a city highway, taking into account several options for traffic regime. Modes of movement are due to the organization of road traffic.
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