The article provides information about the nature of atherogenic disorders in children. Much attention is devoted to the problem of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the substantiation of its stress theory, whereas nosological essence is rejected. Atherosclerosis is considered as an evolutionary, genetically determined pathophysiological process that accompanies a person from conception to death, affecting the health quality and life expectancy. Attention is drawn to the issues of susceptibility to atherogenic disorders in children, which explanation allows us to solve the problems of their prevention and prophylaxis.
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifocal arterial disease involving interactions of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of death and disability in developed countries, while in developing countries the incidence of this pathology is growing rapidly. Advances in techniques of molecular genetics have revealed that genetic polymorphisms significantly influence susceptibility to atherosclerotic vascular diseases. A large number of candidate genes, genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility loci associated with atherosclerotic diseases have been identified in recent years and their number is rapidly increasing. In recent years, there is significant interest in identifying additional factors of genetic risk for atherosclerosis. In recent years, a large number of genetic studies have been carried out to prove the genetic effect on the atherosclerotic process. Rapid progress in the sequencing of the human genome and molecular genetic methods have helped in the definition of susceptibility loci and associated candidate genes with atherosclerosis and concomitant diseases. The association of a large number of susceptibility genes with atherosclerosis reflects the enormous complexity of the disease. Multiple factors, including endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism defects, inflammation and immune responses, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, tissue remodeling and hemostatic defects are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review we focus and discuss on some of the major candidate genes and genetic polymorphisms associated with human atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
The article briefly describes the general ideas on the body’s biorhythms determining the essence of its homeostasis. The article pays special attention to the importance of alternative interaction of the body's reactions in the formation of biorhythms. It is emphasized that the violation of biorhythms (desynchronosis) is the most profound and most sensitive marker of functional disorders. In this regard, the practicing doctors should use methods of chronodiagnosis and chronotherapy more widely. The article presents the authors’ data and the data of other authors on the high efficiency of chronotherapy. This method, focused on the individual approach to the treatment of a child, makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment while decreasing usage of drugs. The future of medicine is impossible without a chronobiological understanding of its problems.Conflict of interest: The author of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.
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