Absract. Arguments are presented in favor of the increasing relevance of irritants to ensure the fulfillment of tasks by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as the need to reassess the risks to human health arising from their use. The results of an information-analytical data on methods and adverse effects of irritant application for purposes which are not prohibited by the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction are presented. Modern ideas about molecular mechanisms of the effect of irritants on structures of the nervous system are considered, which are based on the fact that the provocative effect of irritants is realized by changing the permeability of cation channels of the transient receptor potential of type A1, expressed at the ends of sensitive neurons. The results of experimental and clinical studies of specific modulation of these channels using their natural and synthetic antagonists are analyzed. Structural formulas and basic pharmacological characteristics of the most active antagonists are given and the prospect of their use as a basis for the development of drugs for the treatment of irritant lesions is substantiated. The data on the use of solutions based on amphoteric and chelating agents for emergency treatment of skin areas infected with irritants is presented. A number of promising areas of research on the creation of effective medical means of protection against lesions by irritants has been identified.
One of the greatest statesmen of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII century, count Aleksei Ivanovich Vasil’ev, is one of the few personalities who have left their mark in different fields - Finance and health care. Being a financier by education and the main duration of activity and having done much for formation of harmonious budgetary policy of Russia, he was able to reconstruct system of health care and medical education, to turn the medical and surgical schools located in St. Petersburg into the Academy which became the basis of medical education in Russia
Currently, the procedure for conducting clinical trials and military trials is regulated by a number of regulatory documents ranging from Federal laws to local orders of medical organizations. The article analyzes the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in relation to conducting clinical trials and military trials with the participation of military personnel. It is noted that the legal status of a volunteer (military personnel) when conducting research in full-scale conditions is not fixed. In addition, in the case of conducting research with the involvement of military personnel as volunteers, it should be borne in mind that a serviceman has the right to engage in scientific, pedagogical and other creative activities. There is no regulatory document defining payments to volunteers participating in clinical trials. These organizational aspects require legislative permission to exclude legal conflicts in the planning, organization and conduct of research involving military personnel as volunteers (patients) (bibliography: 9 refs).
Biomedical technologies (BMT) is a complex process aimed at developing new biological objects and products from them that can have a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic effect when used in medical practice. The article describes the development of biomedical technologies, the problems of the development of biomedical technologies, and also describes possible ways to solve them.
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