The biological activity of different subtypes of soddy calcareous soils (rendzinas) of the Northwest Caucasus region was studied. In the Novorossiisk-Abrau Dyurso region (dry subtropics), typical soddy cal careous soils with the high content of carbonates predominate; in the more humid conditions of the Lagonaki Plateau (Republic of Adygeya), leached soddy calcareous soils carbonate free down to the parent rock are spread. The number of microarthropods, the populations of fungi and bacteria, and the enzyme activity (cat alase, dehydrogenase, and invertase) testify that the biological activity of these soils significantly differs. In the typical soddy calcareous soils of the dry subtropics, the content of carbonates does not affect the charac teristics mentioned; in the more humid conditions of the West Caucasus region, the presence of carbonates in the parent rocks intensifies the biological activity of the soddy calcareous soils.
In studies on chemical contamination of soils, little attention is paid to disguised solonchaks. This is due to the low significance of disguised solonchaks for agriculture and the lack of significant pockets of chemical contamination in the areas of their extension. At the same time, these soils are widely extended in the coastal landscapes and perform important ecological functions. They are involved in the maintenance of biodiversity and the sustainable functioning of natural ecosystems. As shown by the current study, the contamination by Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and oil leads to a deterioration of the biological properties of the hydromorphic estuary carbonate solonchak. This means decrease in the total number of bacteria, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, cellulolytic ability, abundance of the Azotobacter genus bacteria, as well as worsening indicators of radish seeds germination and initial growth. In terms of toxicity to the biological properties of the investigated marsh solonchak the studied elements form the following sequence: Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb. High toxicity of Cr compared to Pb, Ni and Cu in marsh solonchak is explained by weak alkaline reaction, in which CrO 3 is transformed into highly toxic chromate.
Загрязнение чернозема типичного (горного) оксидами Cr, Cu, Ni и Pb приводит к ухудшению его состояния: снижается активность каталазы и дегидрогеназы, целлюлозолитическая способность, обилие бактерий рода Azotobacter, ухудшаются показатели прорастания и начального роста редиса. Степень снижения зависит от природы металла и его концентрации в почве. Исследованные оксиды ТМ образуют следующий ряд по степени негативного воздействия на биологические свойства чернозема типичного (горного): CrO3 > CuO >= PbO >= NiO. Pollution of the chernozem typical (mountain) Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb oxides leads to deterioration of its condition: activity of a catalase and dehydrogenase decreases, cellulolytic activity, an abundance of bacteria of the sort Azotobacter, worsen indicators of germination and initial growth of a garden radish. Extent of decrease depends by nature metal and its concentration in the soil. The studied TM oxides form the following row on extent of negative impact on biological properties of the chernozem of typical (mountain): CrO3> CuO> = PbO> = NiO. Ключевые слова: чернозем, загрязнение, тяжелые металлы, биологические свойства.
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