Four groups of seven-week-old pigs weighing about 9 kg were fed for three weeks a prestarter that contained 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg of highly purified T-2 toxin. The average daily intakes of toxin by the pigs were 0.38, 0.81, 1.24 and 1.43 mg, respectively. The experimental and control pigs were immunised with 5 ml aluminum hydroxide gel-absorbed purified horse globulin on the first and fourth days of the treatment period. Blood samples were withdrawn on days 7, 14 and 21 and used for the determination of the titre of anti-horse globulin antibody, for an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test, using purified horse globulin, phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A and for determinations of the immune complex, the cytotoxic reaction and the phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of circulating granulocytes. The samples taken on day 21 were also used to determine the erythrocyte count, the mean cell volume of the erythrocytes, the haematocrit, the blood haemoglobin concentration, the leucocyte count and the proportion of T lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment samples were taken from the thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes for histological examination. The diets that contained 2 and 3 mg T-2 toxin/kg caused a significant decrease in the red blood cell count, the mean corpuscular volume and the haemoglobin concentration. A significant decrease in the leucocyte count and the proportion of T lymphocytes was observed in all the treatment groups. There were also dose-dependent, significant decreases in antibody formation and in the blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes, and mild to moderate reactive processes were observed histologically in the lymphoid organs.

In two sets of experiments eight groups of seven-week-old pigs weighing about 9 kg were fed for three weeks a prestarter that contained 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 15.0 mg/kg of highly purified T-2 toxin. The feed of the two control groups was free from T-2 toxin. Average daily intakes of toxin by the pigs were 0.38, 0.81, 1.24, 1.43, 0.93, 0.81, 0.99 and 2.5 mg, respectively. The weight gains, the feed intakes, the extent of feed refusal, the parameters of energy and protein metabolism and the serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were affected to different extents by the different doses of T-2 toxin, but the data indicated that feed consumption was reduced and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was increased by the smallest amount of T-2 toxin tested.

Abstract. A neoplastic mass measuring 25 3 8 3 3 cm was found in the mediastinum of a 10-year-old Holstein cow. The neoplasm was encapsulated, multilobulated, and cystic. Several firm adhesions were present between the neoplasm and the right cranial lung lobe and the ipsilateral side of the pericardial sac. Under

The primary objective of this study was to use macroscopic and histological features of corpora lutea with a cavity and anovulatory cystic ovarian structures, present in 90 pairs of abattoir-derived dairy cow ovaries, as the basis to clarify the nomenclature of ovarian structures. Excluding morphologically normal ovarian follicles (antrum < 2 cm, wall < 1 mm), there were 27 fluid-filled ovarian structures. Ovulatory structures > 16 mm in diameter were designated as Group A (cavity ≤ 10 mm and wall > 10 mm) or Group B (cavity > 10 mm and wall < 10 mm). The volume of luteal tissue was less (P < 0.05) in Group B than in Group A, whereas that of a solid corpus luteum (CL) was intermediate (least square means ± SEM: 72 ± 1.92, 11.22 ± 1.57 and 5.84 ± 1.92 cm 3 , respectively). There was a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of small luteal cells in Group B compared to a solid CL, whereas Group A was intermediate (58.6 ± 5.3, 37.4 ± 5.3 and 44.0 ± 4.4%, respectively). Connective tissue was thicker (P < 0.05) in Group B than in Group A (295.4 ± 46.9 vs. 153.9 ± 38.2 μm). Based on the above-mentioned characteristics and differences, Groups A and B were designated as a CL with a cavity and a cystic CL, respectively. Furthermore, there were three groups of anovulatory ovarian structures. Structures in Group C were termed persistent/anovulatory follicles (overall diameter and wall thickness ≤ 20 and 1-3 mm, respectively). Finally, Groups D and E were designated as a follicle-fibrous cyst and a follicle-luteinised cyst (based on histological structure) for anovulatory structures with an overall diameter and wall thickness of ≥ 20 and ≤ 3 mm, and ≥ 20 and ≥ 3 mm, respectively.

Summary Colostrum deprived calves were experimentally infected with an adenovirus isolated from sheep and related to bovine adenovirus type 2. The calves showed respiratory symptoms and mild diarrhoea from the third day after infection. Laboratory tests revealed the development of leucopenia, lymphopenia, a drop of the pH of the urine and the appearance of pathological changes in the urine. The animals shed the virus in their nasal discharge, faeces and urine. Comparing the clinical and virological findings with the previous experimental infection of lambs it is concluded, that this type of adenovirus is similarly pathogenic for the two ruminant species. Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Infektion von Kälbern mit einem vom Schaf isolierten Adenovirus, das mit dem Serotyp 2 der bovinen Adenoviren verwandt ist I. Klinische und virologische Untersuchungen Kolostrumfreie Kälber wurden experimentell mit einem vom Schaf isolierten Adenovirus, das eng verwandt mit dem Typ 2 der bovinen Adenoviren ist, infiziert. Ab dem 3. Tag nach der Infektion entwickelten die Kälber respiratorische Symptome und eine milde Diarrhoe. Durch Laborteste wurden Leukopenie, Lymphopenie, ein Abfall des pH‐Wertes im Harn sowie die Ausscheidung von pathologischen Elementen im Harn nachgewiesen. Die Tiere schieden Virus über das Nasensekret, Kot und Harn aus. Ein Vergleich der klinischen und virologischen Befunde mit denen aus früheren experimentellen Infektionsversuchen bei Lämmern läßt den Schluß zu, daß das Adenovirus‐Isolat in seiner Pathogenität für das Kalb und das Lamm gleich ist. Résumé Infection expérimentale de veaux avec un Adenovirus isolé chez un mouton et apparenté au sérotype 2 des Adenovirus bovins Des veaux privés de colostrum ont été infectés avec un Adenovirus de mouton étroitement apparenté au type 2 des Adenovirus bovins. Les veaux présentèrent des symptômes respiratoires et une faible diarrhée à partir du troisième jour après l'infection. Les tests de laboratoire ont montré une leucopénie, une lymphopénie, une chute du pH de l'urine et une sécrétion d'éléments pathologiques dans l'urine. Les animaux sécrétèrent du virus par le mucus nasal, les fèces et l'urine. En comparant les résultats cliniques et virologiques constatés lors des essais d'infection expérimentale faits précédemment sur des agneaux, il est apparu que l'Adenovirus isolé était identique dans sa pathogénité aussi bien pour le veau que pour l'agneau. Resumen Infección experimental de terneros con un adenovirus aislado en oveja, emparentado con el serotipo 2 de los adenovirus vacunos I. Estudios clinicos y virológicos Se infectaron experimentalmente terneros recriados sin calostro con un adenovirus aislado en oveja, de parentesco estrecho con el tipo 2 de los adenovirus vacunos. A partir del día 3°, contando a partir de la infección, desarrollaban los terneros síntomas respiratorios y diarrea benigna. Mediante pruebas de laboratorio se puso de manifiesto leucopenia, linfopenia, descenso del valor pH en orina y eliminación de elementos patológicos con la orina. Los ...

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Summary In an experiment four colostrum‐deprived calves were infected intranasally and intratracheally with an adenovirus strain (Het/3) isolated from sheep and related to bovine adenovirus type 2. Localized degeneration and acute inflammation in the nasal mucous membrane, localized exudative bronchiolitis, atelectasis, proliferation of the bronchiolar epithelial cells, and interstitial pneumonia developed following infection. In the kidneys glomerular and tubular nephrosis was found. Proliferative processes in the villi of the small intestines, and a marked acute inflammation in the retropharyngeal‐, peribronchial‐ and mesenteric lymph nodes were seen. In the liver necrotic processes of the RES cells developed. In one brain glia cell proliferation was found. Intranuclear inclusions were found in moderate number, in the bronchiolar epithelium and in the alveolar macrophages. These findings support the virological observations that certain adenovirus strains can adapt to different animal species. Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Infektion von Kälbern mit einem vom Schaf isolierten Adenovirus, das mit dem Serotyp 2 der bovinen Adenoviren verwandt ist II Pathologie und Histopathologie Vier kolostrumfrei aufgezogene Kälber wurden intranasal und intratracheal mit dem Virusstamm Het/3 infiziert, welcher vom Schaf isoliert und als bovines Adenovirus, Serotyp 2, klassifiziert worden war. Nach der Infektion wurden Degeneration und akute Entzündung der Nasenschleimhaut, exsudative Bronchiolitis, Atelektasen, Proliferation der bronchialen Epithelzellen, interstitielle Pneumonie, Glomerulo‐ und Tubulone‐phrose, Proliferation der Dünndarmzotten, akute Entzündung der Retropharyngeal‐, Peribronchial‐ und Mesenteriallymphknoten, nekrotische Prozesse in RES‐Zellen und bei 1 Kalb eine Proliferation der Gliazellen diagnostiziert. Im Bronchialepithel und in den Alveolarmakrophagen waren intranukleäre Einschlüsse nachweisbar. Résumé Infection expérimnetale de veaux avec un Adenovirus isolé chez un mouton et apparenté au sérotype 2 des Adenovirus bovines II Pathologie et histopathologie Quatre veaux privés de colostrum ont été infectés par voie intranasale et intratrachéale avec une souche de virus Het 3 isolée chez un mouton et classée comme sérotype 2 de l'Adénovirus bovin. On a diagnostiqué après l'infection une dégénérescence et une inflammation aiguë de la muqueuse nasale, une bronchiolite exudative, une atélectasie, une prolifération des cellules épithéliales bronchiques, une pneumonie interstitielle, une glomerulo‐ et tubulonéphrose, une prolifération des villosités intestinales, une inflammation aiguë des ganglions rétropharyngés, péribronchiques et mésentériques, des processus nécrotiques dans les cellules du système réticulo‐endothélial et une prolifération des cellules névrogliques chez un veau. Des inclusions intranucléaires ont été mises en évidence dans l'épithélium bronchique et dans les macrophages alvéolaires. Resumen Infección experimental de terneros con un adenovirus aislado en oveja y que está emparentado con el ser...