In nine adult Warmblood horses with mild to moderate dental findings (no signs of discomfort during chewing), voluntary hay intake before and after dental correction was examined. In a second experiment, digestibility of feed and faecal particle size were determined (3 days of total faecal collection) before and after dental correction. During both digestion trials including a 3-day adaptation period, the amount of hay and concentrate (mixture of oats, barley and maize) was kept constant in each individual horse before and after dental correction. Voluntary hay intake in individual horses ranged from 11 to 22 g DM/kg BW/day and did not differ before and after dental treatment. Apparent digestibility of DM, energy, crude fibre and Nfe increased significantly after dental correction (energy digestibility before dental correction 46.8 ± 7.4%, after dental correction 51.5 ± 8.5%). Apparent digestibility of feed was higher in horses eating more concentrates than in those eating less concentrates. Improvement of digestibility was more marked in horses eating larger amounts of grain. There was no relationship between severity or type of dental alterations and improvement of apparent feed digestibility. Dental correction had no effect on faecal particle size.
Two groups of Warmblood foals from the Bavarian federal stud participated in the study beginning from the age of approximately 6 months. The foals were offered a late 1st cut of haylage, oats and foal starter feed. For 2 months after weaning, group 'R' (15 foals) received an amount of oats to provide a total digestible energy supply meeting the recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology (GfE), whereas the other group 'A' (16 foals) was offered a higher amount of oats (surplus of approximately 1.3 kg/animal/day). Concentrates were fed individually twice daily; total daily haylage intake of all foals together was recorded. In both groups, individual concentrate intake, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and several growth parameters were documented. Both groups showed an absolutely parallel development of the measured growth parameters and of BW and BCS. BW and BCS increased above the recommendations of GfE and Hois. The amount of concentrates offered was not ingested completely in both groups. The average metabolisable energy (ME) intake from concentrates amounted to 30.3 and 32.1 MJ ME/animal/day (group 'R') and 38.7 and 38.2 MJ ME/animal/day (group 'A') for the 7th and 8th month respectively. The mean haylage intake of all foals together equalled 26.2 MJ ME/animal/day. The parallel development of all documented growth parameters in both groups leads to the assumption that higher concentrate intake must have caused lower intake of haylage and vice versa, thus resulting in an overall comparable energy intake for each foal, independently of energy source. The calculated average daily energy intake for all foals together amounted to 60.5 and 61.4 MJ ME/animal for the 7th and 8th month. The mean crude protein intake in both groups together amounted to 640 and 647 g/animal/day for the 7th and 8th month.
In balance trials the effect of a 50% protein restriction with subsequent realimentation on N balance, endogenous N excretion, digestible and metabolisable energy was tested using 36 piglets. The dietary protein content during the restriction period from 5-12 kg live weight was 22.9 (control) and 12.4% of the dry matter and during the realimentation period from 12-18 kg live weight in both groups 17.2%. Protein quality and energy supply were not changed between the groups. Restricted protein supply proportionally reduced N retention with slightly improved efficiency of digestible N from 67 to 70%. During realimentation the previously reduced N supply did not influence N retention but increased the apparent N digestibility by 2% units. The endogenous N losses as well as digestible and metabolisable energy were not different between the groups. It was concluded that compensatory responses of the N metabolism might require a stronger dietary restriction and respectively or a longer restriction period.
Zusammenfassung Anhand von 24 Schweinen (6/Gruppe) wurde der Einfluß einer 25%igen Protein und/oder Energierestriktion mit anschließender Realimentation auf die N‐Bilanz, verdauliche und umsetzbare Energie untersucht. Die Restriktionsphase erstreckte sich von 25–55 kg Lebendmasse (LM) mit einer Bilanzperiode bei 40 kg LM. Von 55–70 kg LM wurde die Realimentationsphase mit 4 aufeinander folgenden Bilanzperioden durchgeführt. Die Protein‐ und/oder Energierestriktion führte zu einem proportional verminderten N‐Ansatz. Die Verwertung des verdaulichen Stickstoffs war nur bei reduzierter Energiezufuhr verschlechtert. Während der Realimentationsphase bestand kein nachhaltiger kompensatorischer Effekt in der N‐Bilanz, wenn die vorausgehende Proteinzufuhr vermindert war. Die reduzierte Energiezufuhr wirkte sich sogar negativ auf die N‐Bilanz aus mit einer um 10% schlechteren N‐Verwertung. Lediglich nach gleichzeitiger Protein‐ und Energierestriktion ergab sich eine um 4% tendenziell verbesserte N‐Retention. In allen Restriktionsgruppen zeigte sich in der Realimentation eine um 2% signifikant höhere Energieverdaulichkeit, die umsetzbare Energie in % der verdaulichen Energie wurde nicht beeinflußt.
Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Studie war, die Auswirkungen eines unterschiedlichen Energieangebots auf das Wachstum von Warmblutfohlen zu untersuchen, um die Versorgungsempfehlungen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (6) zu überprüfen. Material und Methoden: Zwei Gruppen von Fohlen erhielten vom 1. bis 6. Lebensmonat unterschiedliche Kraftfuttermengen. Die Rationen entsprachen im Energiegehalt den Vorgaben der GfE (6) bzw. überschritten diese um ca. 20%. Das Energieangebot der Gruppe „Norm“ (n = 15) zielte für die Gesamtration auf 73 MJ DE (verdauliche Energie)/Tier/Tag ab, für die Gruppe „Zulage“ (n = 16) auf 87 MJ DE/Tier/Tag. Die angebotene Menge an Fohlenaufzuchtfutter war gleich, die Hafermenge unterschiedlich. Fohlen beider Gruppen erhielten 1,0, 1,2, 2,0, 2,0 und 2,35 kg Aufzuchtfutter/Tier/Tag im 2.–6. Monat sowie 0,6, 0,7, 0,5, 0,8 und 0,45 kg Hafer (Gruppe „Norm“) bzw. 1,8, 2,0, 1,75, 2,0 und 1,75 kg (Gruppe „Zulage“). Die Fütterung erfolgte zweimal täglich. Als Raufutter diente ein später erster Schnitt Heulage, zudem hatten die Tiere täglich Weidegang. Kraftfutteraufnahme, Körpermasse, Body Condition Score (BCS) und verschiedene Körpermaße wurden registriert. Die Gesamtaufnahme an Heulage aller Tiere wurde dokumentiert. Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittliche tägliche Kraftfutteraufnahme lag zwischen 0,4 („Norm“) und 0,5 kg („Zulage“) im 2. Monat und zwischen 2,8 („Norm“) und 3,7 kg („Zulage“) im 6. Monat. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich in keinem der erhobenen Parameter. Erst im Alter von ca. 180 Tagen nahmen die Fohlen das Kraftfutter vollständig auf. Schlussfolgerung: Der Energiebedarf der Fohlen dürfte um 10–20% unter den Empfehlungen (6) liegen.
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