The paper examines the current features of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is proved that the agricultural entrepreneurship of the compared countries’ economies increasingly needs the financial investments, necessary for the renewal and technological modernization of production. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, study its volume, identify the main directions of changes in its structure by type of credit services, as well as assess trends and prospects for its development. Section 1 of the article identifies the features of banks’ credit policy concerning lending to agricultural enterprises. It is presented the methodological approach to the comparative assessment of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is identified the main provisions of strategies for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is substantiated features of banks’ credit policy in lending to agricultural enterprises, which restrain the active growth of lending to the agro-industrial complex. Section 2 of the article provides a comparative description of Ukraine and Kazakhstan in terms of credit support to the industry. It is established that the most attractive for bank lending are large agricultural enterprises in terms of production and yield. It is proved the importance of direct state financial support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex through the mechanisms of cheaper loans and compensation of lease payments. In the final section, the authors highlight the key priorities of accelerating the development of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan by increasing budget support, rational use of budget funds, lower interest rates for agriculture, improving methods of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers with concern of specific production.
The results of comparative study of the chemicals content in vegetables, produced on farms and private allotments on the Saratov Region are present in this article. The content of organochloride, organophosphorus compounds, pesticides and herbicides in vegetables were analyzed by the thin-layer chromatography method. Nitrates levels in vegetables were determined by the potentiometric method. The organochloride pesticides content in the examples of foodstuffs which were produced on farms and private allotments didn´t have differences in terms of their contamination with these pesticides (p>0.05). The content of organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos) was not more than permissible level (0.01±0.002 mg/kg), but in agricultural products produced on private allotments the concentration of chlorpyrifos was not more than 50% of the permissible level (0.0045±0,001 mg/kg, p<0.05). The level of melation in vegetable products was from 0.02±0.004 to 0.05±0.001 mg/kg of the permissible level (0.5 mg/kg) and depended on the agricultural cultivation areas. The high content of gliphosphate was found in agricultural products of the dry Zavolgskij Region (0.3±0.001 Mg/кg). On the right side of the Volga River and in regions with the wide melioration system the herbicides concentration was from 30 to 50% from maximum permissible level (0.1±0.002 Mg/кg). In all vegetable products produced on fields of farms the concentrations of nitrates were higher (p<0.05) than in the products produced on private allotments. All chemicals which were studied and found in vegetables products from farms and private allotments contained pollutants in normal concentration. The results of this study will allow us to develop recommendations to reduce the risks to public health.
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