ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Республика Тыва-регион с доказанным тяжелым природным йодным дефицитом и высокой распространенностью ЙДЗ (йододефицитных заболеваний). Однако в регионе в определенные периоды времени предпринимались меры по ликвидации дефицита йода в питании населения. В статье представлены результаты проведенного в октябре 2020 г. специалистами ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России контрольно-эпидемиологического исследования, направленного на оценку современного состояния йодной обеспеченности населения Республики Тыва. Исследование проведено по поручению Министерства здравоохранения России в рамках государственного задания «Научная оценка необходимости принятия дополнительных нормативных правовых и иных мер по ликвидации йодного дефицита в пилотных регионах с тяжелым йодным дефицитом» (фрагмент, посвященный контрольно-эпидемиологическим исследованиям в регионе), «Эпидемиологические и молекулярно-клеточные характеристики опухолевых, аутоиммунных и йододефицитных тиреопатий как основа профилактики осложнений и персонализации лечения» (аналитический обзор мероприятий, предшествующих контрольно-эпидемиологическим исследованиям в регионе). ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка йодной обеспеченности населения Республики Тыва. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследование проводилось в трех населенных пунктах республики-гг. Кызыл, Шагонар, п. Сарыг-Сеп. Обследованы 227 школьников допубертатного возраста (8-10 лет) с проведением сбора анамнеза, осмотра врача-эндокринолога, пальпации щитовидной железы, забора разовых образцов мочи в одноразовые микропробирки типа Эппендорф, с последующей заморозкой до-20-25 °С для дальнейшего определения концентрации йода в моче с помощью церий-арсенитного метода в лаборатории (клинико-диагностическая лаборатория ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России). Кроме того, всем школьникам выполнено ультразвуковое исследование щитовидной железы (с использованием портативного ультразвукового аппарата LOGIQe (China) с мультичастотным линейным датчиком 10-15 МГц, в положении лежа). Рост и вес детей определялись по стандартной методике в момент обследования. Проведены сбор образцов пищевой соли, которая используется в семьях школьников, и определение наличия йодата калия в ней экспресс-методом. Родители школьников подписали информированные согласия на проведение обследования детей. Разрешение локального этического комитета ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России получено 25 марта 2020 г., № 5. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Обследованы 227 школьников 8-10 лет. Определена медианная концентрация йода в моче, исследовано наличие йодата калия в пищевой соли и проведено ультразвуковое исследование щитовидной железы с целью уточнения йодной обеспеченности, охвата использования йодированной соли в питании и распространенности зоба. Медианная концентрация йода в моче составила 153 мкг/л, частота зоба-7,7%, доля йодированной соли-95,2%. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Показатель медианной концентрации йода в моче свидетельствует об оптимальной йодной обеспеченности населения Тывы. Частота зоба у школьников значимо снизилась по сравнению с данными, полученными в ходе предыд...
The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.
Acute and chronic thyroid diseases are the most frequently detected disorders being second only to diabetes mellitus.The World Health Organization points out that thyroid diseases’ incidence tends to grow every year. The present paper consists of clinical practice guidelines that consider etiology, clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory thyroid diseases (except those of autoimmune type).The clinical practice guidelines provide an important working tool for clinicians including specialty physicians and medical experts. Containing structured and concise information on the specific nosology, diagnostic methods and treatment tips these guidelines allow medical specialists to quickly resolve difficulties and choose the most efficient and personalized treatment (following strict principles of evidence-based medicine at the same time).The clinical practice guidelines were drawn up by highly-skilled professional team of specialty physicians approved by the Expert Council of Russian Federation’s Health Department. These guidelines contain the most complete and up-to-date information required to diagnose acute and chronic thyroiditis, provide patient care and treatment.The working group publishes the present paper in the professional journal dealing with endocrinology topics to improve healthcare quality and refine treatment of acute and chronic thyroiditis (autoimmune thyroiditis excluded). It is advisable to acquaint as many endocrinology and general (family) medicine specialists as possible with the full text of these clinical guidelines.
Background: The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study conducted in September 2020 by specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Republic of Crimea. The study in Crimea is part of a number of activities and work carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation within the framework of state assignments «Scientific assessment of the need for additional regulatory legal and other measures to eliminate iodine deficiency in pilot regions with severe iodine deficiency» and «Epidemiological and molecular-cellular characteristics of tumor, autoimmune and iodine deficiency thyropathies as a basis for prevention of complications and personalization of treatment.The data obtained reflect the state of the problem of iodine consumption on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and indicate the relevance of the adoption of a regional preventive program aimed at eliminating iodine deficiency in the diet of the population and related diseases.Aim: Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Republic of CrimeaMaterials and methods: The research was carried out in secondary schools of four districts of the Republic of Crimea — in the years. Simferopol, Belogorsk, Bakhchisarai and Saki.The volume of the study — 356 schoolchildren of 8-10 years old, all were completed: taking anamnesis and anthropometric parameters (height, weight), examination by an endocrinologist with palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (thyroid ultrasound), obtaining single portions of urine and samples of table salt (5-10 grams), which is used daily in the diet in their families. The measurements of the height and weight of the children by the standard method were carried out during the examination by a specialist. Thyroid ultrasound was performed in the supine position using a portable LOGIQe ultrasound machine (China) with a 10-15 MHz multifrequency linear transducer. All urine samples (n = 356) in disposable Eppendorf microtubes were immediately frozen at a temperature of minus 20-25°! for further determination of the concentration of iodine in urine using the cerium-arsenite method (based on the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NMITs endocrinology «of the Ministry of Health of Russia). A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in food table salt samples (n = 203) was carried out on site by the express method.Informed consent was obtained from all parents / guardians of children for the examination and processing of personal data. The permission of the local ethical committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia was received on March 25, 2020, No. 5.Results: According to the results of a survey of 356 children of primary school age, the median concentration of iodine in urine (mCIM) is 97 pg / l and varies from 78 to 98 pg / l in the surveyed areas, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 51.2%. The share of iodized salt use in the families of schoolchildren was 12.3% (values range from 10% to 15%). The average incidence of goiter in children according to ultrasound data is 9.5% (range of values from 1.7% to 16.3%).Conclusion.The indicator of the median concentration of iodine in urine indicates an insufficient iodine supply of the population of the Republic of Crimea.The prevalence of goiter in children of primary school age according to the ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland corresponds to the mild severity of iodine deficiency in the mild degree of goiter endemic in the region.The share of households using iodized salt is extremely low and amounts to 12.3%, which does not meet the WHO recommendations for regions with natural iodine deficiency (from 90% or more).
BACKGROUND: The Bryansk region is one of the regions of the Russian Federation most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986.In the conditions of a chronic uncompensated deficiency of iodine in the diet in the first months after the accident, an active seizure of radioactive iodine by the thyroid tissue took place, which inevitably resulted in an increase in thyroid diseases from the population in the future. The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study carried out in May 2021 by specialists of the National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Bryansk region.AIM: Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Bryansk region.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was carried out in secondary schools of three districts of the Bryansk region (Bryansk, Novozybkov and Klintsy).The study included 337 schoolchildren of pre-pubertal age (8–10 years), all children underwent: measurement of height and weight immediately before the doctor’s examination, which included palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland); Thyroid ultrasound using a portable device LOGIQe (China) with a multi-frequency linear transducer 10–15 MHz; determination of iodine concentration in single portions of urine. A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in samples of table salt (n = 344) obtained from households and school canteens was carried out on the spot using the express method.RESULTS: According to the results of a survey of 337 pre-pubertal children, the median urinary iodine concentration (mCIM) is 98.3 μg / L (range from 91.5 to 111.5 μg / L, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 50.1%). According to the ultrasound of the thyroid gland, 17% of the examined children had diffuse goiter, the frequency of which varied from 9.4 to 29% in the areas of study. The share of iodized salt consumed in the families of schoolchildren in the study areas was 17.8% (values range from 15.6 to 19%), which indicates an extremely low level of iodized salt consumption by the population. All salt used for cooking in school canteen areas of the study was iodized, which confirms compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.5.2409–08.CONCLUSION: Despite the active implementation in the Bryansk region of various preventive programs of IDD and social activities to promote the use of iodized salt, in the absence of mass prevention with the help of iodized salt to date, their unsatisfactory results should be noted.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.