The calcium phosphate spherical material with a hierarchical structure has been used as a bone implantation material. To improve the properties of the implant material, the compositions of calcium phosphate, silicon, and titanium are crucial. The presence of silicon on the surface of the phosphate–calcium material accelerates the bonding of the implant with the bone (osseointegration). The aim of this work was to develop a sol–gel method to prepare spherical calcium-phosphate@TiO 2 –SiO 2 biomaterials for bone implantation. The CaO@TiO 2 –SiO 2 biomaterial with a core–shell structure was synthesized by the sol–gel method. The biological properties of the materials were studied with a simulated body fluid (SBF). The sample had a spherical shape. The sample exhibited bioactive properties because an increase in the content of calcium and phosphorus ions in the shell and the presence of precipitated ions from the solution were detected on the surface. The TiO 2 –SiO 2 framework was uniformly fixed on the CaO core. Heat treatment of the hybrid mesostructure led to the formation of mesoporous materials with a specific regular structure in the nanometer size in the shell, which is necessary for the fixation of biological cells when the sample is introduced into the biological medium. The formation of a calcium–phosphate layer on the materials and the release of soluble silicon and calcium ions into the SBF are the key factors for the rapid connection of these materials with tissue. The results demonstrate that the CaO@TiO 2 –SiO 2 biomaterial with a core–shell structure is a good candidate for bone implantation.

Thin SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -CaO films have been produced by a sol-gel process from film forming solu tions. The physicochemical processes underlying the formation of the films have been investigated, and their phase composition, structure, and bioactivity have been determined.

Thin films were obtained from film-forming solutions by the sol-gel method on the basis of the SiO2-P2O5-СаO system. Thin films were produced on the single-crystal silicon substrates (model substrate) by extraction at a velocity of 5 mm/s following by heat treatment at a temperature of 60°С for 20 minutes and at a temperature of 600°С for 1 hour. During the experiment it was established that film-forming solutions are usable only for 2 to 7 days from the moment of preparation. Using thermal and infra-red – spectroscopic analysis main stages of oxide system formation were retraced. According to data from x-ray phase analysis phases CaClH2PO4∙H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O, CaHPO4∙2H2O, Ca2SiO4∙H2O, Ca5(PO4)3Cl. On the supporter’s surface a homogeneous film coating with quite equally spaced crystal-like formations with the diameter of 10-11 microns at the distance of 1-30 microns was formed. Phase composition, surface properties and biological activity of the synthesized materials were investigated. XRD results indicated that after being immersed into the SBF, hydroxylapatite, wollastonite, and chlorapatite were formed on the samples’ surfaces, which was important for practical applications

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Spherical biomaterials based on Tokem-200 cationic exchange resin were synthesized from solutions by the sol−gel method. The material framework is represented by TiO 2 -SiO 2 , and the inner part is filled with CaO (sample TiO 2 -SiO 2 /CaO). A stepwise heat treatment (drying at 60 °C) annealing at 150, 250, and 350 °C, each for 30 min, at 600 °C for 6 h, and 800 °C for 1 h is required to obtain a homogeneous material. In simulated body fluid solution, the sample exhibited bioactive properties, and gelatin could be used as a binding additive.