The authors consider the nutriciology aspects of therapeutical problems from the perspectives of the General theory of medicine developed by them — the theory of noosphere–anthropogenic harmony. The authors consider the evolution aspects new scientifi c data on the molecular biology, microbiology and biotechnology as a part of biological culture, which determines the relationship of a person with the internal and external world and is one of the main factors in the evolution of the biosphere. The article analyzes the problems of qualitative and quantitative changes in nutrition parameters during the formation of diseases, their prevention and treatment.
Summary Post- COVID syndrome refers to the long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which includes a set of symptoms that develop or persist after COVID-19. Symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in post- COVID syndrome, due to chronic infl ammation, the consequences of organ damage, prolonged hospitalization, social isolation, and other causes, can be persistent and require a multidisciplinary approach. The presented clinical practice guidelines consider the main preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the management of patients with gastroenterological manifestations of postCOVID syndrome. The Guidelines were approved by the 17th National Congress of Internal Medicine and the 25th Congress of Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia.
In recent years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is considered as one of its components. The mortality rate of patients with NAFLD is due not so much to the progression of liver damage as to cardiovascular complications. This review summarizes current data on possible pathophysiological mechanisms linking NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. The article analyzes the clinical effects of NAFLD on the heart and blood vessels: atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, rhythm and conduction disorders, and chronic heart failure.
Atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease are the key problems in cardiology. Despite of numerous clinical trials and researches underlying molecular biology remains uncertain. Atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease are often combined. During ischemic heart disease progression myocardial tissue structure are changing which lead to structural and electrophysiological remodeling and promote atrial fibrillation. It has been shown a crucial role of oxidative stress and chronic systemic inflammation in ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of marker of oxidative stress and inflammation that located in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. There are a numerous articles showed a relation between MPO level and cardiovascular disease. MPO is a peroxidase enzyme that is important part of immune system. During disease MPO could facilitate chronic inflammation and local tissue damage through active oxygen forms. MPO releases after lysosome conjunction with phagosome. Oxygen reductase activity of MPO lead synthesis of hypochlorous acid that play role not only in organism protection from infection agents but in matrix transformation and fibrosis. It has been shown MPO can destabilize atherosclerotic plaque and modifies low- and high-density lipoproteins that promote atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseaseу progression. This review summarizes current data about role of MPO in atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease pathogenesis.
Purpose. To prove that colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome is a precursor and predictor of constipation and colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. Using the non-invasive method of chronoenterography – weekly monitoring of the circadian rhythm of the enteral evacuation function, 2869 people who consider themselves relatively healthy were examined. The test ‘Rhythms and Health’ was used to identify the frequency and acrophase of the rhythm of defecation, as well as to assess the level of quality of life. We compared the occurrence of morning acrophase of the bowel rhythm in individuals with a regular bowel rhythm (at least 7 times a week) and in individuals with irregular (delayed) bowel function (with a stool frequency of 1–2 to 5–6 times a week). Three stages of colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome severity were analyzed: mild, moderate, and severe. The main symptoms of colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome were identified. The risk of colorectal cancer in patients with constipation was analyzed according to known data.The results of the study. It is shown that the earliest stages of enteral evacuation function irregularity (mild – 5–6, and moderate – 3 times a week 4 times a week) occur almost 10 times more often than the severe stage (1–2 times a week) of colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome in the form of constipation. A regular dependence of the regularity of the defecation rhythm on the position of the acrophase of this rhythm in the daily cycle was established: the regular rhythm of defecation (7 times a week) is associated with the presence of morning acrophase of the stool rhythm, and colorectal bradyarrhythmia (1–6 times a week) is associated with the absence of morning acrophase of the defecation rhythm. A natural relationship between a decrease in the frequency of defecation and a decrease in the level of quality of life was revealed. It is proved that the rarer the frequency of stool, the higher the tendency to take laxatives.Conclusions. Colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome occurs in both young people aged about 20 years and adults, and is almost 10 times more common than constipation. Constipation is a proven risk factor for colorectal cancer, as it increases this risk by 2–4 times. A high level of quality of life is characteristic of individuals with a regular stool rhythm, and colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome is characterized by a decrease in the level of quality of life in accordance with the aggravation of the stage of this syndrome.
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