In this article, the specificity of wastewaters formed at electroplating plants and problem of its treatment is considered. The purpose of this research is to suggest the technological scheme of wastewater treatment, for one of the typical electroplating plants. Standard research methods were used: gravimetrical, photometrical and fluorimetrical methods of liquid analysis to achieve this goal. This article presents the method of electroplating wastewater treatment, based on chemical precipitation, including addition of the various reagents for removing heavy metals from the effluents. Because of the laboratory research, the effects of pollutants removal are 91% (total iron) and 94.6% (suspended solids). These effects were achieved by the technological scheme that includes averaging and mixing several technological effluents, their chemical precipitation with NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and flocculant during an hour.
On the territory of the Tyumen region there are a number of enterprises that discharge wastewater without pretreatment into water bodies and disturb their ecological condition. For example, one of the dairy industry plants produces 500 m3/day of industrial wastewater, which cannot be discharged even into the domestic sewage system due to its pollution density and aggressiveness. Thus, it is necessary to study wastewater quality and the mode of its inflow for local waste treatment plants’ designing. This article presents the results of the wastewater composition study on such indicators as pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, fats, nitrogen, phosphate and other types of pollution. According to the obtained data, the conclusions were drawn about the wastewater composition inconstancy, associated with peculiarities of dairy production technology. In addition, the drains are characterized by a high variation of pH medium, which decreases sharply when the whey or acid solutions are discharged into the sewage production system after equipment washing. Based on these results, a scheme for organization of a dairy plant water disposal system is proposed, including local pretreatment of wastewater before its dumping into domestic sewage network.
The biological wastewater treatment problem of the small villages located in the Arctic zone is considered. The purpose of this research is to study the alternative wastewater treatment method in Northern settlements. Standard research methods were used: gravimetric and photometric methods of liquid analysis to achieve this goal. This article presents the physical-chemical wastewater treatment method, consisted of coagulation proses, oxidation, sand and sorption filtration. As a result of the laboratory research, the effects of pollutants removal are 96.6% (COD), 82.4% (ammonium) and 97.1% (nitrates). These effects were achieved by the technological scheme that includes a coagulation, two-stage sequential oxidation with potassium permanganate and ozone, and intermediate filtration too. The brands of coagulant and flocculant were selected, as well as their optimal doses.
Despite the rapid production growth, creation of new technologies improving production quality, the problem of increasing amounts of wastewaters with specific composition and qualities has not solved yet. Wastewaters formed at dairy plants have high concentrations of some contaminations. Qualitative indices of these wastewaters, such as pH, COD, anionic surfactants, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, differ dramatically from domestic wastewaters’ ones. Wastes and product residuals, dumped into sewage system, aggravate this situation. Nowadays, many plants do not have any local treatment plants, which can cope with polluted effluents, while existing ones cannot provide with required degree of wastewater treatment. This article presents the research of probiotics’ influence on the qualitative composition of dairy wastewaters using Belgian probiotic “Pip Plus WATER”. Besides, based on the experimental research results, a technological scheme of local treatment plant that can be realized at dairy plants is proposed.
Значительная часть территории Российской Федерации находится в арктическом и субарктическом климатическом поясе, что обусловливает специфику проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации сетей и сооружений системы водоотведения в этих населенных пунктах.На сегодняшний день большая часть малых населенных пунктов в этих регионах либо не оборудованы канализационными очистными сооружениями, либо действующие станции биологической очистки работают неудовлетворительно. В качестве альтернативы рассматривается вариант устройства физико-химической очистки, которая более устойчива к суровому климату и залповым сбросам стоков, чем биологическая очистка.В статье представлены результаты исследования по полной замене блока биологической очистки на физико-химическую в составе канализационных очистных сооружений. В качестве основных ступеней очистки выбраны коагуляция, фильтрование на механических фильтрах, окисление с последующей двухступенчатой доочисткой на механических и сорбционных фильтрах. В результате проведенного лабораторного эксперимента были достигнуты следующие эффекты снижения концентрации проблемных загрязнений: 90,8 % -по ХПК, 74 % -по аммонию, 82,5 % -по нитратам.Ключевые слова: северные населенные пункты; сточные воды; физико-химическая очистка; биологическая очистка бытовых сточных вод; коагуляция; окисление; эффекты очистки сточных вод.Для цитирования: Вялкова Е.И., Глущенко Е.С., Велижанина Т.С., Осипова Е.Ю. Анализ физико-химических методов очистки бытовых сточных вод северных населенных пунктов // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета.The large part of the Russian Federation locates in arctic and subarctic climatic zones, which determine the specificity of design, construction and operation of sewage systems of these regions. Nowadays, the most part of small Arctic towns has no wastewater treatment facilities, while the available biological treatment facilities do not work properly. An alternative way is physicochemical treatment, which is more resistant to severe climate and volley wastewater discharge than biological treatment. The paper presents the research results of total change the biological into physicochemical treatment. The main stages of such a treatment include coagulation, filtration, oxidation and two-stage filtration (mechanical and absorption). The experiments show a 90.8% decrease in the concentration of chemical oxygen and a 74% and 82.5% decrease in nitrates and ammonium.
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