Life histories of 24 species of sturgeons are briefly summarized and threats to their existence are reviewed. The most important of these are fishing and physical disturbance of rivers (barriers; fluctuating water levels; gravel extraction). Conservation measures to limit and compensate for these impacts are reviewed. In Europe the common sturgeon, Acipenser srurio, is an endangered species; it has been the object of a conservation programme in France since 1982.

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