Location and extent of area___________________________________ Scope of investigation________________________________________ Previous investigations.________________________________________ Well-numbering system-_______________________________________ Geography. __ __________________________________________________ Topography and drainage______________________________________ Climate. ____ _____________________________ Population and agriculture.__________________________________ Geology______________________________________________________ 9 Pre-Tertiary rocks.___________________________________________ 9 Tertiary system._______________________________ 10 Chadron formation______________________________________ Brule formation___________________________________________ Arikaree formation________________________________________ 12 Ogallala formation_______________________________________ Unconsoli dated deposits of Quaternary age _______________________ 14 Ground water_______________________________________________ Shape and slope of the water table____________________________ Recharge. __ ________________________________________ Discharge-_______________________________________________ Depth to water_______________________________________________ Chemical quality of the water, by R. A. Krieger and E. R. Jochens______ Ground water________________________________________ Surface water_______________________________________________ Suitability of the water._______________________________________ Domestic use_____________________________________________ Irrigation use_____________________________________________ Industrial use____________:________________________________ Present and potential development of water resources._________________ References cited_______________________________________________ Index.
This report gives the results of an investigation by the U. S. Geological Survey of the sediments and dissolved minerals that are transported by the Moreau River.The Moreau River drainage basin is a narrow basin in northwestern South Dakota that covers about 5, 360 square miles ofrolli.Q.g, grassy plains, which are broken by buttes and by some small areas of badlands. It is underlain by shales, sandstones, siltstones, and limestones that are primarily of Cretaceous age. Precipitation averages about 16 inches per year. Average annual runoff is about 0. 7 inch but varies widely from year to year.The chemical quality of the water in the Moreau River is directly related to the geology of the area. Water affected by the Hell Creek formation and Fox Hills sandstone is predominantly a sodium bicarbonate type, whereas water affected by the Pierre shale is a sodium sulfate type. In general, water from streams that drain areas underlain by the Pierre shale is more mineralized than water that drains from areas underlain by the Fox Hills sandstone. Water that drains from areas underlain by the Hell Creek formation is least mineralized.The short-term chemical-quality records obtained during a wet climatic cycle are not representative of a long term. The average specific conductance and average percent sodium, each weighted with the '~(Vater discharge and adjusted to include estimates during unsampled periods of low flow, were computed for the 3-year period at Bixby, S. Dak. The averages show that if all the water for the entire period were impounded without loss, the specific conductance would be 632 micromhos and the percent sodium would be 57. This water rates as good to permissible for irrigation. However, the estimated rating for a 21-year period is permissible to doubtful. In addition, water impounded during a dry climatic cycle would be conducive to the formation of black alkali if this water were applied to the soil. Therefore, the impounded water should be used only on land where adequate drainage facilities are provided and where infiltration rates are sufficient to provide low rates of evaporation and high rates of flushing.Suspended sediment transported by the Moreau River is mostly fine material, principally clay sizes. Median particle sizes not weighted with water discharge averaged about 0.0016 millimeter for the stations at Bixby and near Faith.
_____ ______________________________ Introduction. _______________________________________________ 2 Purpose and scope of the investigation.____________________ 2 Location and extent of the area_________________________________ 3 Previous investigations. ________ _______________________________ 4 Methods of investigation______________________________________ 4 Well-numbering system________________________________________ 5 Acknowledgments.-__________________________________________ 5 Geography.. _ _____________________________ 6 Topography and drainage______________________________________ 6 Climate._____________________________________________________ 7 Population, agriculture, and industry________________________.___ 9 Geology_______________________________________ 9 Summary of stratigraphy_____________________________-_______ Summary of geologic history____________________________________ Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras__._____________________________ Cenozoic era_____________________________________________ Tertiary period______________________________________ Quaternary period___________________________...______ Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties.____________ Brule formation___________________________________________ Ogallala formation_________________________________________ Alluvium.______________________________________________ Ground water_________________________________________________ The water table.
__ 1 ________'_'__ I Introduction._____________________________________________________ Purpose and scope of the investigation.__________________________ Location and extent of the area.________________________________ Previous investigations.._______________________________________ Well-numbering system________________________________________ Geography__ _ __________________________________________________ Topography and drainage._____________________________________ Climate._____________________________________________________ 6 Population. __ _ ______________________________________________ 6 Transportation._______________________________________________ Agriculture, industry, and natural resources_____________________ Summary of geologic structure and stratigraphy _______________________ Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties _________________ Pierre shale___________________________________________________ Fox Hills sandstone_-__-___-_-_-___________-________-__ Hell Creek formation._________________________________________ Fort Union formation (Ludlow member)_______________________ Glacial deposits.______________________________________________ Terrace deposits.______________________________________________ 13 Alluvium _____________________________________________________ Ground water_____________________________________________________
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