The consumers who did not comply with safe food-handling practices also contributed to
the occurrence of food contamination. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior
(TPB) to examine the moderating effect of gender and level of education differences that
influence the intention of safe food handling at home. A total of 623 consumers based in
Sibu, Malaysia completed a questionnaire that measured attitude, subjective norm,
perceived behavior control (PBC), and intention. Based on PLS-SEM multi-group analysis
(PLS-MGA) by permutation approach, gender demonstrated no moderating effect on the
TPB relationships in each state. Meanwhile, the level of education was a significant
moderator between PBC and intention. In this relationship, it was indicated that PBC for
consumers from lower education group was stronger than their counterparts. These results
offered useful information for local authorities or educational institutions to gain a better
understanding of consumer behavior towards safe food handling, allowing the authorities
to develop intervention accordingly.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.