Approximate and rigorous methods and results of calculations of electrical characteristics of rod arbitrarily curved antennas of the microwave range are investigated with the purpose of widening their varieties and increasing the accuracy of calculations of electrical parameters. An approximate calculation of the antennas is performed by the equivalent long line method, rigorous – by the integral equation method with respect to the distribution of the complex current at the antenna. An algorithm for the step-by-step development of curved rod antennas with included various concentrated loads and excitation nodes at arbitrary points are proposed. It is concluded that approximate methods are useful for a preliminary rough estimate of the input parameters of the antennas, and also as an initial approximation for their parametric synthesis and analysis. But strict methods can significantly expand the variety of studied antennas and improve the accuracy of calculations of their electrical parameters. A method is proposed for obtaining a stable solution of an integral equation by diagonalizing the matrix of coefficients of a system of equations. Basing on the results of the investigation of these antennas, new designs have been developed, a number of which have been introduced into production and operation. It is noted that for the first time in world practice the method of an integral equation described in this article for calculating such antennas has outpaced the development of known analogous methods and corresponding computer programs.
No abstract
Предмет и цель работы. Исследованы методы расчетов электрических характеристик проволочных произвольно изогнутых антенн микроволнового диапазона с целью расширения спектра их разновидностей и повышения точности результатов расчетов. Методы и методология работы. Предложены методы и методология исследований произвольно изогнутых проволочных штыревых и петлевых антенн с включенными в произвольных точках сосредоточенными произвольными нагрузками и узлами возбуждения. Приближенный расчет подобных антенн выполнен методом эквивалентной длинной линии, строгий расчет-методом интегрального уравнения относительно распределения комплексного тока на антенне. Результаты работы. Предложен алгоритм поэтапной разработки произвольно изогнутых проволочных штыревых и петлевых антенн с включенными в произвольных точках сосредоточенными нагрузками и узлами возбуждения. Для расчета подобных антенн разработана программная среда Distribution, в которой для получения устойчивого решения применен метод диагонализации матрицы коэффициентов уравнений. Приведены примеры расчетов прямой и обратной матриц систем уравнений, определения комплексного распределения тока и входного сопротивления исследуемых антенн. Заключение. С помощью разработанного метода вдвое расширен набор модификаций исследуемых антенн. Предложенный метод интегрального уравнения для расчета рассмотренных антенн опередил по времени другие разработки, методы и компьютерные программы. На основе исследований были разработаны новые конструкции, ряд из которых внедрен в производство и эксплуатацию.
A method for determining the complex permittivity of substances by the electromagnetic (EM) waveguide method in the microwave range using electrodynamics and the theory of multilayer dielectric structures is considered. The expression for the complex reflection coefficient of an EM wave in a waveguide with a substance sample is studied. Calculations of the dielectric constant of substances are carried out by analytical and numerical methods using computers. To obtain the desired complex permittivity of a substance, we use the relationship between the expression for the reflection coefficient modulus and the value of the standing wave coefficient over voltage measured in advance in the frequency range. The method is suitable for automation and application in enterprises producing and using fuels, construction and agricultural products. From the found value of the dielectric constant, the quality of substances can be determined. For example, the results of determining the dielectric constant several coals and solid-state foam are given.
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